Intracranial Regulation
Eye opening response
Best verbal response
Best motor response
What are the Glasgow Coma Scale behaviors responses?
Widened pulse pressure
Bradycardia and
Respiratory irregularities
What is Cushing's triad?
Criteria:
Lasts greater than 5 minutes
Three seizures in a row
What is status epilepticus?
With this drug, diuresis begins in 30 to 60 minutes and persists 6 to 8 hours.
What is mannitol?
Antiepileptic regulated under the Controlled Substances Act.
What is pregabalin?
Pressure required to perfuse the cells of the brain.
(70-90 mm Hg)
What is Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?
Headache
Change in consciousness
What are early signs of increased ICP?
Unusual sensations that precedes seizures in about 20% of people who have a seizure disorder.
What is an aura?
10-20mcg/mL
What is the normal serum level of phenytoin?
Monitor CBC and platelet, ALT & AST
What is topiramate?
5 to 15 mm Hg, or 60 to 180 cm H2O.
What is normal Intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Decerebrate
Decorticate
What are late symptoms of increased ICP?
A severe warning for future stroke.
What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
One adverse effect of this drug is life-threatening pancreatitis
What is valproic acid?
This food can an increase the peak and trough levels of carbamazepine by 40%.
What is grapefruit juice?
Fluid builds up around the brain, causing an increase in pressure known as intracranial pressure.
What is cerebral edema?
Tonic-clonic
Absence (petit mal)
Atonic
Myoclonic
Status epilepticus
Febrile
What are types of generalized seizures?
Hemorrhage within the brain parenchyma
What is a hemorrhagic stroke?
Antacids & CNS depressants can affect the effectiveness of this drug
What is gabapentin?
The drug causes the most neuropsychiatric adverse effects
What is levetiracetam?
CPP= MAP-ICP
What is the formula to determine cerebral perfusion pressure?
One area of brain affected
What are focal seizures?
Results from sudden occlusion of a cerebral artery secondary to thrombus formation or embolization.
What is an ischemic stroke?
Has drug to drug interaction with other antiepileptics drugs and estrogen
What is lamotrigine?
This drug has an oral onset 20-60 minutes and peaks in 1-2 hours
What is clonazepam?