Intro to Lower Leg
What are the purpose of retinaculums?
Holding down tendons
What is the closed packed position of the midfoot?
supination
How long does it take to get conditioned?
6-8 weeks
Where does muscle attach to bone?
apophysis
What is a seasmoid bone and what does it do?
a bone that floats within a tendon
gives a mechanical advantage
What movements does the ankle joint do?
Where does the plantar fascia originate and insert?
medial calcaneal tuberosity all the way out to proximal phalanx of toes
When is the most dangerous period for potential injuries (aka when are you the most broken down)?
3-4 weeks
What is pes planus?
pronated foot
What is important to note about the shape of the talus?
It is wider anteriorly
What is the main blood supply to the lower leg?
popliteal artery
What is considered the mid foot?
navicular, cuboid, and the 3 cuneiforms
Explain the two types of stretching.
reciporical inhibition = to stretch the agonist muscle you fire the antagonist muscle
contract relax = fire the muscle and use the refractory period to stretch the muscle
What are the 4 Phases of Therapy?
1. control inflammation
2. regain ROM
3. regain strength, power, endurance
4. return to function
What are the 3 reasons inversion ankle sprains happen more often than eversion ankle sprains?
deltoid ligament is stronger
achilles is attached slightly medially
fibula creates a bony block
What are the functional demands of the lower leg & ankle?
absorption, propulsion, and dynamic stbility
What are the 3 parts to the triceps surae?
2 gastroc heads
1 soleus
What is the main motor nerve (s) of the low leg?
tibial and common peroneal
What is the watershed area?
the part of the achilles that is in the middle and therefore gets the least amount of blood flow (typically where it is torn)
What nerve does to the anterior compartment?
deep peroneal
What is considered the LCL and MCL of the ankle?
LCL = ATF, CF, & PTF
MCL = deltoid
What are the 3 supports of the arch?
spring ligament (plantar calcaneonavicular ligament)
posterior tibialis tendon
plantar fascia
What are 3 considerations during therapy?
degree of injury, type of tissue, how much swelling, how much pain/spasm, GLL vs keloider, arthrokinematics, proprioception, infections
What are 3 issues that could arise from a pronated foot? What are 3 issues that could arise from a supinated foot?
pronated: seasmoiditis, bunions, achillies tednonities, post tib tendonitis, MTSS, plantar fascitis, Patellofemoral syndrome, IT band syndrome
supinated: metatarsalgia, seasmoiditis, stress fx, inversion ankle sprain, plantar fascitis, peroneal tendonitis, agitated nerve under shoe lace, IT band syndroms
What is different about your care for a syndesmotic ankle sprain compared to an inversion or eversion sprain?
you can't start working on dorsiflexion ROM because hyperdorsiflexion will spread the tibiofibular joint causing the tibiofibular ligament to not heal