Sensation and Perception
________ operate best under bright light conditions.
a. cones
b. rods
c. retinal ganglion cells
d. striate cortex
a. cones
Two forms of associative learning are ________ and ________.
a. classical conditioning; operant conditioning
b. classical conditioning; Pavlovian conditioning
c. operant conditioning; observational learning
d. operant conditioning; learning conditioning
a. classical conditioning; operant conditioning
The storage capacity of long-term memory is ________.
a. one or two bits of information
b. seven bits, plus or minus two
c. limited
d. essentially limitless
d. essentially limitless
When Anna’s old roommate would go to the kitchen first thing in the morning, she would always make coffee. Anna would stay in bed a few extra minutes and grab a cup of coffee as she left for class. Now Anna hears her new roommate go to the kitchen, so she stays in bed a few extra minutes. As she leaves for class, she is surprised that there is no coffee. Anna’s mistaken assumption that her roommate would make coffee is based on ________.
a.discrimination
b. extinction
c. spontaneous recovery
d. generalization
d. generalization
The electromagnetic spectrum includes ________.
a. radio waves
b. x-rays
c. infrared light
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Extinction occurs when ________.
a. the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with an unconditioned stimulus
b. the unconditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with a conditioned stimulus
c. the neutral stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with an unconditioned stimulus
d. the neutral stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with a conditioned stimulus
a. the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with an unconditioned stimulus
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is also known as ________.
a. persistence
b. misattribution
c. transience
d. blocking
d. blocking
The vibration of the ________ causes the ossicles to move.
a. pinna
b. auditory canal
c.hair cells
d. tympanic membrane
d. tympanic membrane
Sensory ___________ is the gradual decrease of the sensory system over time to constant stimuli.
adaption
________ is when you take away a pleasant stimulus to stop a behavior.
Negative Punishment
The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.
encoding and retrieval
Derek’s email log-in forced him to create a new password, but now when he logs on, he only remembers his old password. This is an example of ________ interference.
Proactive
________ involves the conversion of sensory stimulus energy into neural impulses.
Transduction
If the sound of your toaster popping up toast causes your mouth to water, what are the UCS, CS, and CR?
UCS: Toast
CS: Toaster
CR: Mouth water
According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, name and describe the three stages of memory.
Sensory Memory
Short-Term
Long Term Memory
Compare and contrast declarative and nondeclarative memory.
Implicit Memory: Knowledge you store without actually being aware of it
Explicit: Memory you are aware of
What is the gestalt psychology with relation to perception?
We perceive things from the top down, the whole then the details
What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?
Negative Reinforcement: Taking something away to increase behavior
Negative Punishment: Taking something away to decrease the behavior
What might happen to your memory system if you sustained damage to your hippocampus?
You would lose the ability to recreate memories
Henry is observing beetles for his biology project. They return to their nest at unpredictable intervals all day long, so Henry keeps a close watch all day. Which reinforcement schedule is this?
Variable Interval