Cell Biology
Which organelle is responsible for making proteins
Ribosome
What is selective breeding?
When you breed two organisms to get a specific trait
What is the matching letters for the following DNA sequence
A T C C G
T A G G C
Define homeostasis and give an example of how the body maintains it
What is the difference between passive and active transport
Passive moves from high to low concentration using no energy. Active moves from low to high concentration using ATP
What is CRISPR used for?
To cut and edit DNA
What are the three types of mutations and define them
Insertion - adding a base
Deletion - removing a base
Substitution - replacing a base
Explain how HIV disrupts homeostasis
It destroys white blood cells and makes the immune system weak
What happens to the amount of water in a cell when it is placed in a hypertonic solution
It loses water and shrinks
What is one pro and one con of gene editing
Pro: better food, can remove genetic disorders, make better crops
Cons: long term effects, might not work, playing god, superbugs
Explain how DNA makes a copy of itself
First the DNA strand is unzipped by a protein, then a complementary strand is added by another protein
Explain how diabetes disrupts homeostasis
Insulin isn't working or not enough is created and the body cannot regulate blood sugar
What are the two types of messages that cells use to communicate
electrical and chemical
What is the difference between cisgenic and transgenic GMOs
cisgenic is DNA from the same animal
transgenic is DNA from a different animal
Define epigenetics and give an example
Epigenetics is the study of how the environment impacts DNA expression. Examples are temperature on gender, sunlight on plant color
Explain how cancer disrupts homeostasis
Tumors take away energy and nutrients from other parts of the body
What is a stem cell and how can it be used to help people
A stem cell is a cell that can become any type of cell. It can be used to repair damaged tissue
Scientists insert DNA from a human that makes insulin into a bacterial DNA and then place it into the bacteria cell so it can make insulin
What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits and how are they shown on a punnett square
Dominant are traits seen more often, recessive are not
Dom is capital letters and Recessive is lowercase
What is inside of a vaccine and what does it do once it's in the body
Weakened version of a pathogen
Creates antibodies