Intro
This means drawing proper conclusions from other information
What is reasoning
The dictionary definition
Lexical Definition
building, school, college, Abilene Christian University
Increasing Intention
Name 3 of the 6 rules for defining by genus and difference
1. essential attribute of term
2. not be circular
3. not too broad or narrow
4. not be unclear or figurative
5. stated positively
6. same part of speech
a statement whose truth value can be determined from the statement itself
self-supporting statement
This is the science and art of reasoning well.
Logic
A word with more than one definition
Ambiguous
Rearrange in order of increasing extension:
instrument, sword, scimitar, weapon, curved sword
instrument, weapon, sword, curved sword, scimitar
Identify the problem:
chess: a game played on a checkerboard
too broad
What are 2 of the 3 kinds of self supporting statements?
1. self report
2. statements that are T or F by logical structure
3. statements that are T or F by definition
Any statement is either true or false
The Law of the Excluded Middle
A concept that is expressed precisely with words
term
What are 3 methods of defining
1. By synonym
2. By example
3. By genus and difference
identify the problem
variety: the spice of life
figurative
a statement that is true or false by logical structure
tautology
If a statement is true, then it's true
Law of Identity
A term that is more general, broad, or abstract than the original term and includes it
Genus
Define "furniture" by example
A sentence that is either true or false
a statement
a statements whose truth value depends on evidence or information from outside itself
supported statement
Law of Noncontradiction
Mutually Exclusive
automobile
3 examples of sentences that are NOT statements
questions, commands, nonsense
Name 2 of the three sources for the information needed to confirm a supported statement
1. authority
2. experience/observation
3. deduction
Reasoning with probability from examples to experience to general rules
Induction
What is wrong with the phrase "I will be home soon"
Soon is too vague
Define teacher by genus and difference
an occupation in which a person helps students learn
Is this a statement?
The flip will squirt a cruise yesterday in the bright despair.
why or why not?
No - nonsense
What kind of statement is this:
My mother is a woman.
tautology