Carbon & Basics of Organic Chemistry
What element is the basis of organic chemistry?
Carbon
What is the general formula of alkanes?
CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
What is the difference between consecutive members of a homologous series?
CH₂ difference
What determines the parent name of an alkane?
Longest carbon chain
What do isomers share?
Same molecular formula
About how many carbon compounds are known?
30,000,000 compounds
What is the main component of natural gas?
Methane
What do compounds in a homologous series share?
Similar properties
From where is the carbon chain numbered?
Numbering from closest branch
What is different in structural isomers?
Different structure
What is the electron configuration of carbon in ground state?
1s² 2s² 2p²
What reaction produces CO₂ and H₂O from alkanes?
Combustion
What functional group defines alcohols?
-OH
What prefixes show multiple identical substituents?
di-, tri-, tetra-
Which alkane has first isomers?
Butane (C₄H₁₀)
What is another name for organic chemistry?
Carbon chemistry
What reaction replaces hydrogen with chlorine in methane?
Chlorination
How are members of a homologous series built?
Gradual increase of carbon chain
How are different substituents arranged?
Alphabetical order
What are the two isomers of C₄H₁₀?
n-butane and isobutane
What ability allows carbon to form long chains and rings?
Catenation (carbon bonding with carbon)
What condition is needed for alkane chlorination?
UV light
What is the relationship between propane and butane in homologous series?
C₃H₈ and C₄H₁₀ differ by CH2
What happens to alkane name when an alkyl group forms?
–ane to –yl change
What causes different properties in isomers?
Arrangement of atoms