Principles & Theories
Paul Baltes developed the 6 foundational principles of lifespan development. List 3 of these principles.
BOUNS: List ALL 6
Lifelong
Multidirectional
Multidimensional
Multidisciplinary
Plasticity
Contextual
These are the three stages of pregnancy in order
Germinal, embryonic, and fetal
How long is a full term pregnancy?
266-277 days (38 - 40 weeks)
What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?
Genotype = genetic sequences
Phenotype = physical characteristics
What is the difference between a genetic disorder and a chromosomal abnormality?
Genetic Disorder = mutation of DNA
Chromosomal Abnormality = too many/few chromosomes
Which 2 psychologists focused on cognitive development (one more on children and the other more on adults)?
Piaget
Kegan
How long is the germinal stage pregnancy and what occurs?
2 weeks
Fertilization and then blastocyst implanting into the uterine wall; differentiation of cells
What trimester do you start having contractions?
3rd trimester
Type of Gene-Environment: A teenager with genetic predisposition for musical talent may select a school with a good music program or spend their time finding musical mentors.
Active (individual selects own niche)
Chromosomal Abnormality: Extra Chromosome 21
intellectual disability, flat facial profile, health complications
Down Syndrome
Who were three important psychologists that studies social development? (5 from the chart)
BONUS: List ALL of them
Bandura
Erikson
Bronfrenbrenner
Vygotsky
Bowlby
How long is the embryonic stage of pregnancy and what occurs?
6 weeks (3-8)
Development of limbs and organs (critical periods)
What trimester does the baby's face features become clear?
2nd Trimester
Type of Gene-Environment: Parents who are genetically predisposed to have high IQs may possess many books and create an intellectually stimulating home environment, providing both genes for high IQ and an environment that fosters it.
Passive (Parents provide both genes and environment)
Genetic Disorder: inherited from BOTH parents
Blood disorder changes shape of red blood cells that causes clogging, fatigue, and pain
Sickle Cell Anemia
One of the principles for developmental psychology is multicontextual. What are 3 contexts that can influence a person's development?
Age-grade
History-grade
Non-normative life events
Socioeconomic
Culture
Gender
9-38 (30 weeks)
Rapid growth and development of organs, brain, and structures
Which Trimester does Braxton hicks begin?
3rd Trimester
Type of Gene-Environment: A naturally shy child may be treated as timid, with others speaking for them or failing to encourage them, which reinforces their withdrawn behavior.
Evocative (traits evoke reactions from others)
Which two chromosomal abnormalities only affect one gender?
Turner Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome
Explain two major debates in developmental psychology
Nature/Nurture
Continuity/Discontinuity
Active/Passive
Stability/Change
What are teratogens and how can they affect a fetus? What makes them the "most" harmful?
What are 3 examples?
Environmental substances that harm the fetus
Critical period developments, amount, and number
Examples: Drugs, vaccines/medicines, raw fish, lunchmeat, chemicals,
What does the APGAR scale measure?
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
What is epigenetics and why is it important?
Study of how behaviors and environment (diet, stress, toxins) cause changes that affect how genes work without altering the DNA sequence
Often reservable (healthier people)
Genetic Disorder: two defective genes one from each parent
Excessive mucus production in the lungs and digestive system
Cystic Fibrosis