Solving Problems
A step-by-step procedure that guarantees a correct answer to a problem
Algorithm
When we question a well-established finding because we know a person who violates the finding
Person-who reasoning
What were Sternberg's three categories for intelligence
Analytical, practical, and creative
How did Lewis Terman say IQ scores are calculated
IQ=(mental age/chronological age) x 100
A new way to interpret a problem that immediately gives the solution
Insight
Our tendency to use previously successful solution strategies without considering others that are more appropriate for the situation
Mental set
A type of availability heuristic in which there is a low probability but potentially high-damage chance that people have a strong aversion to
Dread risk
abilities independent of acquired knowledge
Fluid intelligence
Which researcher had the 1st known attempt at creating an intelligence test
Sir Francis Galton
A statistical technique that identifies clusters of test items that measure the same ability
Factor analysis
When something goes wrong during problem solving, what step is usually at fault
interpreting the problem
the inability to reason from uncertainties and risk
statistical innumeracy
Stanovich theorized that intelligence is not sufficient for good thinking; what else did he think was required
Rationality
Which researcher was tasked with finding a way to test which children had learning difficulties and we need extra help
Alfred Binet
inability to see that an object can have a function other than its typical one
functional fixedness
What three components are needed to create a well defined problem
Start state, goal state, and the process for how to get there
Type of heuristic in which we attach too much importance to the starting amount and do not change the numbers accordingly
Anchoring and adjustment heuristic
Which researchers came up with the idea of multiple intelligence
Howard Gardner
The WAIS test was designed to analyze people of what age group?
16 and older
The erroneous belief that a chance process is self-correcting in that an event that has not occurred for a while is more likely to occur
gambler’s fallacy
For insight based problem solving tasks, what brain structure was found to possibly hinder our ability to come up with the solution?
Frontal cortex
Incorrectly judging the overlap of two uncertain events to be more likely than either of the two events
Conjunction fallacy
Charles Spearman argued that intelligence test performance is a function of 2 factors; what are those two factors
G factor and S factor
Which researcher came up with the idea of standardization
David Wechsler
When the test predicts behavior that is related to what is being measured by the test
Predictive validity