Anatomical Relationships/movement
C1 is _____ to C2 but _____ to the brain
Superior, inferior
name 3 parts of axial skeleton
name 3 parts of appendicular skeleton
Axial: Head, neck, trunk
Appendicular: Limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle
Name the 3 types of joints and the range of motion of each
synovial (free moving), cartilaginous (slightly moveable), fibrous (immovable)
Structural unit: muscle fiber
___________: Individual fibers
___________: Fiber bundles
___________: Entire muscle
•Endomysium: Individual fibers
•Perimysium: Fiber bundles
•Epimysium: Entire muscle
•Vessels are made up of
•______: Endothelial lining
•______: Middle smooth muscle layer
•______: Outer connective tissue layer
•Tunica intima: Endothelial lining
•Tunica media: Middle smooth muscle layer
•Tunica adventitia: Outer connective tissue layer
exceptions of Transverse plane movement includes ___ and ____ of the forearm
pronation and supination
semirigid, avascular, connective tissue that allows for flexibility of skeleton and provides gliding surfaces between bones
What is cartilage ?
Define:
Diarthrosis
Synarthrosis
ampiarthrosis
diarthrosis: freely movable
Synarthrosis: immovable
ampiarthrosis: semi-movable
Skeletal muscle:
-location
-Appearance
-Types of Activity
- stimulation
-Attaches to skeleton/fascia of limbs, body wall, head/neck
-large, long, unbranched, transverse striations
-strong, quick intermittent (phasic), produce movement, reduce gravity
-voluntary by somatic NS
_______: Take blood away from the heart, higher pressure
_______: Return blood to the heart, lower pressure
Arteries
Veins
2 body part movements that are exceptions regarding sagittal plane movements
Thumb flexion and ankle (dorsiflexion and plantar flexion)
Bone formation in soft tissue (not normally present) can lead to Hemorrhagic calcification
What is heterotopic bone ?
Name 2 types of cartilaginous joints, type of connective tissue they consist of and their mobility
Synchondrosis, hyaline cartilage, immoveable
Symphysis, fibrocartilage, slightly moveable
Cardiac Muscle
-location
-Appearance
-Types of Activity
- stimulation
-Muscle of heart and adjacent portions of greater vessels
-branching shorter fibers with transverse striations
-strong, quick, continuous contraction [pumps blood to heart]
- Involuntary by Autonomic NS
small venules can grow to create a different path to allow circulation is called
collateral circulation
Scapula does ____ and _____ , _____ and ______
elevation and depression, protraction and retraction
Loss of blood supply to bone
What is Avascular Necrosis?
Name 3 types of fibrous joints and their mobility
Sutures and Immobile
Syndesmosis and Slightly moveable
Gomphosis (teeth) Immobile
Smooth Muscle
-location
-Appearance
-Types of Activity
- stimulation
-Walls of hollow viscera and blood vessels, iris, and ciliary body of eye [ORGANS]
- single, small, spindle-shaped fibers, without striations
-weak, slow, rhythmic contraction
- Involuntary Autonomic NS
___________ drains right side of head, neck, thorax, upper limb, and venous angle
___________ drains rest of body and left venous angle
Right lymphatic duct: drains right side of head, neck, thorax, upper limb, and venous angle•
Thoracic duct: drains rest of body and left venous angle
agittal plane movement: ___ and ___
frontal plane movement: ___ and ___
Transverse plane movement: ____
flexion and extension
abduction and adduction
rotation
Name 3 functions of bone
ANY 3
•Living, hard, connective tissue
•Protects and supports body and cavities
•Basis for movement
•Salt Storage
•Produces new blood cells
Name all the types of synovial joints (6) and what movement they do
-ball and socket [Permits movement in several directions]
-hinge [Flexion and extension only]
-saddle [Concave and convex where bones meet]
-condylar [Wider range into flexion and extension, reduced range in other directions]
-pivot [allows rotation]
-plane [Permit gliding]
Define
-isometric
-isotonic
-Concentric
-Eccentric
•Isometric: Length stays the same resulting in tension, but no movement
•Isotonic: Length change to produce movement
•Concentric: Movement due to muscle shortening
•Eccentric: Movement due to muscle lengthening
Muscle contraction aids in returning blood to the heart with valves preventing back flow is called
• Musculovenous pump