Ruminants
4 compartments of the stomach
rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
3 industries
broilers
laying hens
swine
differences between British and continental beef breeds
British breeds are smaller framed and continental are larger framed
what type of animals are stereotypically in intensive systems
monogastric
swine, and poultry
4 types of heat transfer
conduction
convection
evaporation
radiation
3 cattle industries plus explanations
cow calf - produce from birth -> 6-10 mo of age, 1 calf every 365 days, calve at 2 years of age
stocker-yearling - feed weaned calves to grow, utilize roughages and forage
feetlot/finishing - fed for meet production, kept in pens/lots, fed hay and grain,
what do monogastric consume
grains
dual purpose breed
short horn
uses of livestock
draft, food, fertilizer
what is the thermal neutral?
Comfort
what percent of lambs are lost before they can be marketed and why?
13-23%
Predators (yotes, wolves, dogs etc)
Weather
Diseases
Parasites
parts of eggs
Albumen 60%
Yolk 30%
Shell 10%
this is the oldest diary breed and also produces more pounds of milk per body weight compared to other breeds
jersey
what does polled mean
genetically born without horns
vasodilation
get bigger
blood gets in the extremities
what do meat goats produce
chevon
signs of avian influenza, and how to control it
ruffled feather, don't ear, diarrhea
depopulate the flock
Dorset
benefits of cross breeding
additional growth and performance
vasoconstriction of blood vessels
blood goes to the center of the body
gets smaller
what does DHIA stand for and what do they do
Dairy Herd Improvement Association
maintain dairy records and track production
why are hogs located where they are and why are there there.
grain belt, (IA, NC, MN, IL)
food grown here, and manure can be used as fertilizer.
swine breeds that are known of there mothering ability
landrace, Yorkshire (white pigs)
what is vertical integration
Entity has control of 2 adjacent stages in production channel.
breeding-> birth/hatching-> growing-> finishing-> slaughter-> fabrication/packaging-> wholesale/retail-> sales to consumers
what does the thyroid produce and why is it important
thyroxine
increase metabolic activity to generate heat