Energy
Name the 2 process in the cell that convert energy
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
What does photosynthesis start with
Sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water
Name the 3 steps of cellular respiration
glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain
what do nucleic acids contain
Nitrogen
Name the phases of mitosis in order
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Define Energy
capacity to do work
what do we get out of photosynthesis
glucose
where does gylycolysis occur and what goes in and what comes out?
Occurs in the cytoplasm, 2 ATP go in and we get 4 ATP and 2 NADH molecules
what are the complementary bases of a DNA molecule
adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
What occurs during prophase I of meiosis that allows for differentiation
Cross-Over
Define potential energy
energy at rest
where do the light dependent reactions occur
thylakoids
Where does the citric acid cycle occur and what goes in and what comes out?
Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria, citric acid goes in and we get 3 NADH x 2 = 6 NADH, 1 ATP x 2 = 2 ATP, and 1 FADH x 2 = 2 FADH
What is the function of DNA ligase in replication
joins DNA fragments
During what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle
Metaphase
define kinetic energy
energy in motion
where do the light independent reactions occur
stroma
where is the electron transport chain and what goes in and what do we get
the inner membrane of the mitochondria, the following goes in 8 NADH and 2 FADH and we get 36-38 ATP
In DNA replication, two copies of a DNA molecule are produced. In each copy, one strand is new, and the other is parental. This result is referred to as ____.
semi -conservative
during what phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope break up and the chromosomes condense
Prophase
Explain the 2 laws of thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamics (law of
conservation of energy)
Within any given system, energy (matter) can
neither be created or destroyed although it can
be changed in form (photosynthesis)
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Any change causes the quantity of
concentrated, useful energy to decrease.
There is increased randomness, disorder, and
less usable energy. This is called “entropy”
what does chlorophyll a and b absorb and what do they reflect
chlorophyll a - absorbs violet and red and reflects green
chlorophyll b - absorbs blue and red and reflects yellow-green
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
To breakdown food for energy
If a mutation occurs in this type of cell it can be passed on to the offspring
an egg or sperm
What occurs in the last 2 phases of mitosis
Anaphase - the chromosomes separate
Telophase - chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, spindles break down, and a cleavage furrow forms