Intro to Biomolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Topic Mixture
100
A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
Monomer
100
A chemical compound containing the element carbon and usually the element hydrogen
Organic Compounds
100
A lipid composed of 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol; most function as energy-storage molecules
Fats (Triglycerides)
100
An organic compound consisting mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by nonpolar covalent bonds, making the compound mostly hydrophobic. Includes fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
Lipids
200
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together; makes up macromolecules
Polymer
200
A chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom. (OH)
Hydroxyl Group
200
Fatty acids that have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds; these solidify at room temperature
Saturated Fatty Acids
200
an organic compound composed only of the elements carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
300
organic molecules which combine to form living organisms; includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Biomolecules
300
The simplest carbohydrate; the monomers of disaccharides and polysaccharides
Monosaccharides
300
A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton; these do not solidify at room temperature
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
300
sugars (monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides) that are broken down to glucose to provide energy.
Carbohydrates
400
A chemical reaction in which two molecules bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
Dehydration Synthesis
400
A sugar molecule consisting of two monosaccharides linked by a dehydration reaction.
Disaccharide
400
"water fearing"; pertaining to nonpolar molecules (or parts of molecules) that do not dissolve in water
Hydrophobic
400
Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and, therefore, different properties.
Isomers
500
Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
Hydrolysis
500
Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
500
"water-loving"; pertaining to polar or charged molecules (or parts of molecules) that are soluble in water
Hydrophilic
500
An unsaturated fat, formed artificially during hydrogenation of oils, containing one or more trans double bonds; linked to health risks; used to extend shelf life of processed foods
Trans Fats