Mitosis/ Meiosis
Name the correct order of SOMATIC cellular division
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
What are four major macromolecules?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What does DNA and RNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid, and Ribonucleic Acid
What does transcription do?
uses the DNA to make mRNA
Is this cellular respiration or photosynthesis?
6CO2+6H2O----> C6H12O6+6O2
Photosynthesis
True or False
"Mitosis and binary fission only occurs in prokaryotes."
False
what are the monomers (single units) to the four organic macromolecules of life?
Carbohydrates = monosaccharides
Proteins = Amino Acids
Lipids = fatty acids
Nucleic Acids = nucleotides
List the complimentary strand. Is this DNA or RNA?
5’ ACCGGATATGC 3’
3’ TGGCCTATACG 5’
DNA
What does translation do?
Uses mRNA to synthesize amino acids into proteins
What is a catabolic reaction?
A metabolic process that breaks down macromolecules into smaller units, releasing energy
Gametes (sperm and egg cells) are haploid (N). What does this mean?
They contain only one single set of chromosomes
Which of the following is not a type of lipid?
a. Wax b. Steroids c. Cellulose d. Oil
e. Fats
Cellulose
What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines? Which nucleotide is which?
purines (Adenine, Guanine) have a two-ring structure, while pyrimidines (Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil) have a single-ring structure
What are the three stages of translation?
Initiation, Elongation, and Termination
What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Autotrophs produce their own food using light (photoautotrophs) or inorganic chemicals (chemoautotrophs). Heterotrophs must consume other organisms for energy
Name this phase of cellular division
"Chromosomes are pulled towards opposite sides of the cell"
Anaphase
The bond between two monomers of monosaccharides.
Glycosidic linkage
If a mother cell has experienced incomplete DNA synthesis, which cell cycle checkpoint has she already passed?
G1/S checkpoint (restriction point) but has failed to pass the G2/M checkpoint and therefore cannot move on to the next steps of mitosis
What are the major steps of transcription?
initiation, promoter clearance, elongation, and termination
What are the stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Pyruvate Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation
A diploid cell with 10 chromosomes (2N = 10) undergoes mitosis. This means that at the end of mitosis, how many chromosomes does each daughter cell have?
2 copies of five (10 chromosomes)
Name three traits of steroids (*hint: it's a lipid)
Hydrophobic, insoluble in water, synthesized in the liver
Name the correct order of steps in which DNA synthesis proceeds
1. DNA unwinds to form replication fork
2. DNA polymerase binds each template strand at its 3' end
3. The leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides at the 3' end of the new strand
4. The lagging strand is synthesized and Okazaki fragments are joined.
How many nucleotides are in 20 mRNA codons?
60 (3 nucleotides in each codon)
What are the components of the organelle in which photosynthesis occurs?
Within the chloroplast, there are the inner and outer membrane, the stroma (fluid space), thylakoids (stacked, light-absorbing discs), and granum (stacks of thylakoids)