Atoms always be making stuff up! (atomic structure)
What are the two sections of the atom, and what subatomic particles does each section house?
*** Which provides the mass, and which provides the volume?***
The nucleus (protons and neutrons)
Electron cloud (electrons)
Nucleus = mass, electron cloud = volume
Groups (verticle columns) = 18 and 7 periods (horizontal rows)
Name the 3 main types of elements and their general locations on the periodic table.
Metals to the left, metalloids along the steps, and non-metals to the right (plus hydrogen) on the periodic table.
All matter has to have what?
Mass and volume.
What will always have to be equal in a neutral atom?
Protons and electrons.
Provide the symbol, charge, and mass for each of the subatomic particles in an atom.
Proton = p+ and 1 amu
Neutron = no and 1 amu
Electron = e- and 0 amu
What element is found in period 1, group 18, next is period 3, group 16, and last is period 4, group 8?
Helium, Sulfur, Iron
Which group, metals or non-metals, wants to gain electrons and which wants to lose electrons?
Non-metals want to gain electrons, and metals want to lose electrons.
What is an atom?
The basic building block of all matter, (the smallest unit an element can be broken down to and retain its properties)
How many valence electrons would alkaline earth metals, halogens, and most noble gases contain?
Alkaline earth metals = 2
Halogends = 7
Noble gases = 8 (Helium is the exception with 2)
An atom has an atomic number of 20 and a mass of 51 AMU. How many protons and neutrons does it have?
20 Protons and 31 Neutrons.
Atomic mass = atomic number (#p+) and n0's
*** Do not use average atomic mass unless told to***
What is the trend for atomic radius? Name the largest and smallest atoms.
It increases as you go down and to the left.
Francium is the largest atom; helium would be the smallest.
List 3 properties of metalloids.
semi-lustrous, brittle, semi-conductive (a mix of properties between metals and non-metals).
What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?
A molecule is any two or more atoms bonded together. A compound is 2 or more different atoms bonded together.
A compound is always a molecule, but a molecule is not always a compound.
How are the periods on the periodic table related to the rings on the Bohr model?
*** How can you tell how many valence electrons a ring can hold up to?***
The period the element is in equals the number of energy levels the atom contains.
*** The number of elements on the period = up to how many electrons the ring can hold.***
How do electrons always add to an atom?
Near the nucleus and outwards to the outer rings.
What is the general trend for electronegativity and ionization energy?
*** What does each term mean?***
They increase upward and to the right (fluorine is the most electronegative and has the highest ionization energy; francium would have the lowest for both). (exception: Noble gases have low electronegativity)
Electronegativity, how much an atom wants to take another electron, and ionization energy, how hard it is to remove the ones it has.
Metals tend to be solid at room temperature, dense, hard, lustrous, malleable, and silvery or greyish.
Define lusterous, malleable, and conductive.
Shiny, able to be molded, and able to transfer heat or electricity.
What is a mixture?
2 or more particles (atoms, elements, molecules, etc.) combined together but not bonded together.
Draw a Bohr model of fluorine (atomic number 9) and a mass of 19 amu (draw the picture and simply list the protons and neutrons)
(list all 3) What is it called when a neutral atom gains/loses a neutron, an electron, and a proton?
Double points: how would you tell if an atom had gained a neutron?
Isotope (two atoms of the same p+ and different n0)
Ions (+ = cation and (-) = anion)
A new element (protons identify the element)
*** It will have a different mass (mass = a# +n0)
Name and identify where on the periodic table 7 of the 10 common families/groups are that we covered.
Group 1 is alkali metals, group 2 is alkaline earth metals, group 3 through 12 are transition metals, to the right of that are post-transition metals, metalloids are along the steps, non-metals to the right of that, halogens in group 17, noble gases in group 18, and actinoids and lanthanoids are along the bottom.
Non-metals can be solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature, tend to be less shiny, less hard, less dense, break apart, are unable to transfer heat/electricity, and are colorful.
What term is used for less shiny, break apart, and unable to transfer heat/electricity?
Dull, brittle, and non-conductive (insulative)
Give an example of an element, a molecule, and a mixture.
*** What is the term for a molecule with 2 of the same types of atoms bonded together?***
An element (anything on period table)
Molecule: a pure substance with more than 1 atom (02, h20, CO2, sugar, ammonia, etc.
Mixture: answers will vary
*** diatomic molecule***
Draw a Lewis structure for lithium, Boron, Nitrogen, and Neon.
Li with 1 dot
B with 2 dots
N with 5 dots
Ne with 8 dots