The Fundamentals of the CJ System
This model of the criminal justice process focuses on deterring crime through swift punishment and puts less emphasis on the rights of the person accused
Crime Control
The Code of Hammurabi set out crimes and punishments based on which philosophy?
Eye for an eye
Lex Talionis
Studying criminology can be helpful in determining ways to
Deter crime
How a person views controversial issues, such as the death penalty or abortion, largely depends on what?
Values
Which early criminal justice official was responsible for granting bail to felons?
Justice of the peace
Who makes the discretionary decision as to whether to stop, search, or arrest?
Police Officer
What is considered to be the “supreme law of the land?”
US Constitution
Until the 18th century, what was thought to be the cause of criminal behavior?
Supernatural forces
Which type of ethics is complicated and can have a multitude of sides?
Relative
This was a requirement for becoming a justice of the peace during the political era.
Land owner
After the criminal justice flow and process begins, the person suspected of committing the crime must be arrested. What is the next formal step in the criminal justice process after arrest?
Prosecution
What is the standard used by jurors to arrive at a verdict in a criminal case?
Beyond reasonable doubt
What trait did biologists once believe was caused by a “criminal” chromosome?
Agressive behavior
What describes the receipt of some benefit either, for free or for a reduced price?
Gratuities
During this era, police corruption surfaced due to close ties between police and politicians.
Political Era
Information that would lead a person to believe that another has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime is known as
Probable Cause
Who is the party who is bringing a lawsuit against someone else in civil court?
Plaintiff
This type of theorist argue that criminal behavior is related to culture and social class
A term that describes an officer who misuses their authority for personal gain?
Corruption
During this era of policing, civil service systems were created.
Reform Era
The written statement of the essential facts of the offense charged against the person accused and issued by a grand jury is known as
Indicyment
This describes who has the authority to make legal decisions and is usually based on geographic location
Legal jurisdiction
______ theory assumes that people are born “bad” and must learn to modulate their own behavior in order to be “good.”
Control
An officer determinedly pursues people dealing illegal drugs with the intent to get a cut. The officer would be considered what?
Meat eater
Which of the following departments was created as a response to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001?
Homeland security