Rhetoric's Origins
Who were the sophists?
Professional educators offering instruction on public speaking in Ancient Greece
What is a terministic screen?
Describes how symbols distort reality or create a partial ‘lens’ to interpret the world
What is an exigence?
An urgency marked by imperfection
________ is the preferred, hegemonic reading of an image.
Dominant reading
What was the main argument in the documentary Theaters of War?
The US military has exercised editorial control over thousands of films and television programs.
What is Aristotle's definition of rhetoric?
The observation in a given case of the available means of persuasion
Define agent from the pentad.
the person or kind of person who performed the act
___________ are comprised of persons, events, objects, and relations that are part of the situation because they can coerce decision-making and action that could modify the exigence.
Constraints
______________ is a reading in which the viewer accepts some hegemonic meanings of an image but recognizes exceptions. They understand the denotation but challenge the connotation.
Negotiated reading
What are two of the European Union's (EU's) restrictions on social media/platforms?
1) Swiftly removing illegal content, 2) ensuring minors are not targeted with personalized ads and 3) limiting the spread of disinformation and harmful content like cyberbullying.
This type of speech argues for or against a proposed course of action.
Political/deliberative
Define the scene from the pentad.
the background of the act, the situation in which it occurred
What is a rhetorical response to a rhetorical context?
One that can affect the exigence; a speech that can provide remedy
What's an example of an iconic photograph?
Depression era woman, Bush 9/11, Tiananmen Square, Iwo Jima flag raising, etc.
Name one of the three Santa Clara principles.
What is anaphora?
Regular repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases or
clauses
What is the act in the pentad?
what took place in thought or deed
What is a rhetorical audience?
Those who have the capability to act on the exigence
_____________ guides people in their thinking about facts from the past, how to act in the present, and what possible futures to seek.
Monumental rhetoric
What were the two sides of the 2023 lawsuit about misinformation on social media in the U.S.?
the demands by some conservatives for "free speech" on social media platforms, versus the desire to rein in misinformation and disinformation that could lead to real-world harm
What is ethos?
A speaker must try to make his own character look right; establishing credibility and trustworthiness
What is a pentadic ratio? Give an example.
Pairing two aspects of the pentad to see how the first term affects the second
What was the exigence of Greta Thunberg's "How Dare You" speech?
Ongoing climate change and governmental inaction
What is body rhetoric?
Rhetoric that foregrounds the body as part of the symbolic act.
What is the goal of the Electronic Frontier Foundation and the Santa Clara Principles?
To ensure that enforcement of content guidelines is fair, transparent, proportional, and respectful of users’ rights