This is the open-ended inquiry that relates theory to fact involving a search for truth/true relationships through systematic study.
What is science?
100
This is the view that evidence can only be used to rule out ideas, not to support them; scientific ideas can only be tested through this, never through a search for supporting evidence (positive).
What is falsification?
100
This is an idea or mental construct that represents phenomena in the real world.
What is a concept?
100
This data collection method is open-ended, wide-ranging (as opposed to structured) observation in a natural setting.
What is a field study?
100
This is the governing body at universities and other research organizations that require faculty and students to submit research proposals involving human subjects for review per federal regulations.
What is an institutional review board (human subjects board)?
200
This is the term for the practice of relying on experience, observation, and experimentation/investigation to verify propositions. It is the set of philosophical approaches to building knowledge that emphasizes the importance of observable evidence from the natural world.
What is empiricism?
200
This is the "father" of falsification.
Who is Karl Popper?
200
This kind of data is collected and used by the same researcher making the observations.
What is primary data?
200
These are two types of measurement error, also known as unintended characteristics.
What is systematic and random measurement error?
200
This is the term for giving subjects information about the research, including the research procedure, its purposes, risks, and anticipated benefits.
What is informed consent?
300
This method of reasoning is the one in which a generalization is argued to be true based on individual examples that seem to fit with that generalization. This method goes from the specific to the general.
What is inductive reasoning/induction?
300
This alleged type of "science" is not scientific yet its practitioners claim that it is and present it as such (or it is simply bad science).
What is pseudo-science?
300
This kind of data is used by a researcher who did not personally collect the data.
What is secondary data?
300
This criteria of measurement is consistent and free of random measurement error, giving you the same reading every time, yet not necessarily free of systematic error.
What is reliability?
300
These are the three ethical principles that form the foundation for assessing the ethical dimensions of research involving human subjects.
What is:
1) respect for persons
2) Beneficence
3) Justice
400
This method of reasoning is the one in which a conclusion is logically reached from premises; a researcher starts with a premise describing the state of some part of the world and builds logical statements on that premise. This method goes from the general to the specific.
What is deductive reasoning/deduction?
400
These are four examples of pseudo-science.
What is ...
Homeopathic medicine
Most weight-loss diets
Intelligent design/creationism
Astrology
400
This puts a conceptual definition into “operation”; how the concept is measured empirically.
What is an operational definition?
400
This is the true value of the concept being measured instead of any unintended characteristics; it is a clear unobstructed link between a concept and the empirical reading of the concept with no systematic error.
What is validity?
400
These are the three levels of institutional review board review (in order).
What is exempt, expedited, and full board review?
500
Name five of the six steps of the scientific process.
What is
1) Ask a question
2) Do background research
3) Form a hypothesis
4) Test your hypothesis
5) Analyze the data/draw conclusions
6) Accept/reject/revise hypothesis
500
This type of knowledge is evaluative, value-laden, and concerned with prescribing what "ought" to be.
What is normative knowledge?
500
This is the term used for when you inadvertently measure a subject’s response to the knowledge that he or she is being studied.
What is the Hawthorne effect?
500
This is a way to internally compare consistency in a scale when evaluating reliability; it is a statistical function that is usually measured between 0 and 1.
What is Cronbach's alpha?
500
This is one possible cause of harm/risk to the participant that may result from data collection.
What is ...
Negative repercussions from associating with the researcher
Invasion of privacy, violations of confidentiality and anonymity
Stress during the research interaction
Disclosure of behavior or information that may result in harm to the observed during or after the study