Types of Muscle
What are the three types of muscle tissue in the body?
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
What are muscles primarily made out of?
proteins
Skeletal muscle is made up of _________?
Muscle fibers
Nerves
1 nerve
Blood
1 artery and 1 vein (or more)
Connective tissue
what is the smallest functional unit of a muscle cell?
sarcomere
Which types muscle tissues are striated?
cardiac, skeletal
what is a function that all types of muscle share
shorten/ contract
Muscles move _____ towards ______
insertion, origin
Organize these terms form largest to smallest,
Fascicle, muscle, muscle fiber
muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber
what type of muscle cells are the largest
skeletal, up to 30 cm long
what characteristics do all muscles share
Excitability (responsiveness)
Ability of a cell to receive and respond to a
stimulus by changing its membrane potential
Contractility
Ability to shorten forcibly when adequately
stimulated
Extensibility
Ability to extend or stretch
Elasticity
Ability of a muscle cell to recoil and resume its
resting length after stretching
What are the three connective tissue sheaths that surround muscles
endmysium, perimysium, epimysium
What are the three main organelles of a muscle fiber, and what are they enclosed in?
Myofibrils
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
T Tubules
in the sarcolemma
describe each type of muscle tissue
Skeletal
Striated and voluntary
Cardiac
Striated and involuntary
Smooth
Visceral, nonstriated, and involuntary
What are the 4 functions of muscles
1.Produce movement: responsible for all
locomotion and manipulation
2. Maintain posture and body position
3. Stabilize joints
4. Generate heat as they contract
What are the two types of muscle attachments
Direct or Fleshy
The epimysium of muscle is fused to periosteum of a
bone or perichondrium of a cartilage
Indirect
The muscle’s connective tissue wrappings extend beyond
muscle either as a rope-like tendon or as a sheet-like
aponeurosis
Anchors muscle to connective tissue covering of a bone/cartilage or to fascia of other muscles
Much more common due to durability and small size
What is a triad in a muscle fiber?
A T tubule in between 2 terminal cisternae
they conduct impulses via t tubules which triggers terminal cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum to release Calcium Ions.
Which muscle types are responsible for moving blood throughout the body?
smooth-vasoconstriction, vasodilation
cardiac-pumping action of the heart
skeletal- act as secondary pumps that increase venous return to heart.
What muscles cause you to get goosebumps and what type of muscles are these muscles.
arrector pilli, smooth muscles
List the connective tissue sheaths from superficial to deep and describe them
Epimysium
“overcoat” of dense irregular connective tissue
that surrounds the whole muscle
Perimysium and fascicles
Muscle fibers are grouped into bundles: fascicles
Surrounding each fascicle is a layer of dense
irregular connective tissue called perimysium
Endomysium
Wispy sheath of fine areolar connective tissue
that surrounds each individual muscle fiber
What are the contractile units of a muscle fiber
Sarcomeres
Between 2 successive Z discs
Smallest contractile unit of muscle
“Functional unit”
Myofilaments
Within the sarcomeres
Two types:
Thick filaments
Myosin (red)
Thin filaments
Actin (blue)