Neurodegenerative
TBI
Epilepsy
Pediatric
Performance Validity
Movement Disorders
Stroke/Tumor
100

Second most common dementia characterized by parkinsonism, dream enactment, visual hallucinations, and cognitive fluctuations.

What is Dementia with Lewy Bodies?

100

Common injury from which the vast majority experience full recovery within hours to 4 weeks.

What is concussion?

100

Transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal, excessive, or hypersynchronous neuronal activity in the brain

What is a seizure?

100

Learning disorder involving trouble interpreting social cues and lacking in complex motor skills, visuospatial skills, and math.

What is NVLD?

100

Falsification of physical or psychological signs or symptoms, or induction of injury or disease (in self or other), associated with identified deception and without any external reward.

What is factitious disorder?

100

Loss of neurons in this structure produces Parkinson's disease. 

What is the substantia nigra?

100

Abrupt onset of focal neurologic deficit consistent with a vascular distribution that lasts more than 24 hrs with or without positive imaging or <24 hrs with positive imaging.

What is a stroke?

200

Early personality change, anosognosia, emotional blunting, apathy, and/or significant language problems.

What is FTD (bvFTD, language-variant FTD)?

200

Standard, simple rating scale for rating the severity of head injury in the acute phase.

What is the Glasgow Coma Scale?

200

At least 2 unprovoked seizures occurring at least 24 hours apart.

What is epilepsy?

200

Completes development in early adulthood.

What is the frontal lobe?

200

Standard criteria for determining malingering.

The Multidimensional Criteria aka Slick criteria 

200

Loss of neurons in this structure produces Huntington's disease. 

What is the caudate?

200

Stroke in which symptoms resolve within 24 hours, (usually within minutes or a couple of hours), and is a warning sign of impending stroke. 

What is transient ischemic attack?

300

The general category of dementias involving symptoms of amnesia, agnosia, anomia, and apraxia. 

What is cortical dementia?

300

The preferred term for what is commonly referred to as "post-concussive syndrome"

What is "persisting symptoms after concussion"?

300

A seizure in which the individual maintains their awareness.

What is a simple partial or focal seizure?

300

Neurotransmitters most implicated in ADHD.

What are dopamine and norepinephrine?

300

Below chance performance, inconsistency across tests, discrepancies between test data/known condition/behavior in the context of external incentive.


What is malingering?

300

This disorder is associated with early psychiatric symptoms and high risk of suicide. 

What is Huntington's disease?

300

The most common site (artery) of strokes in adults.

What is the middle cerebral artery?

400

Cognitive domain(s) typically preserved until late in Alzheimer's disease.

What is attention, motor function, orientation, and/or social graces?

400

Unremarkable neuroimaging, post-traumatic amnesia/confusion <1 day and/or loss of consciousness <30 min.

What is a mild TBI?

400

Often precedes a seizure, especially in temporal lobe epilepsy. Examples include epigastric rising, dysgeusia, auditory hallucinations, déjà/jamais vu, dissociative symptoms. 

What is an aura?

400

Because of neuroplasticity, as long as this procedure is performed before the age of 8, the child does remarkably well.

What is hemispherectomy?

400

Pending litigation, pursuit of disability, avoidance of a responsibility/duty, evading prosecution or military service

What are examples of secondary gain?

400

This class of medication improves parkinsonism but can cause psychosis, compulsive behavior, and intense dreams.

What are dopamine agonists?

400

Lacunar infarcts, often the result of chronic hypertension, preferentially affect this area of the brain.

What is the basal ganglia?

500

Impaired learning, little benefit from repetition, rapid forgetting, intrusions, and poor recognition with a yes-response bias. 

What is the classic memory pattern in Alzheimer's disease?

500

Shearing/stretching that disrupts neuronal transmission.

What is diffuse axonal injury?

500

Seizures or spells with no EEG change, often a history of trauma/abuse, family history of seizures

What are non-epileptic seizures?

500

A rare autoimmune disease in children that affects one hemisphere and involves seizures and motor/speech loss.

What is Rasmussen's encephalitis?

500

Tests/indicators of the veracity of a patient's complaints or symptoms. 

What are SVTs?

500

Early and numerous falls (often backward) and trouble directing gaze (gaze paresis) are suggestive of this disorder.

What is progressive supranuclear palsy?

500

Localized area of dead tissue resulting from ischemia (80% of all strokes)

What is an infarct?

600

Trisomy 21 mutation with resulting Alzheimer's disease ~age 40.

What is Down Syndrome?

600

Wallerian degeneration, edema, increased intracranial pressure, and herniation.

What are complications of severe TBI?

600

Focal seizures that spread to both hemispheres

What is secondary generalized?

600

Symptom onset must occur before 12 years of age

What is ADHD?

600

Symptom validity indicators within the MMPI-2.

What are scales F, L, K?

600

A preventable movement disorder caused by long term use or high doses of antipsychotics.

What is tardive dyskinesia?

600

Severe headache, vomiting, neck rigidity, altered consciousness, oculomotor disturbance.

What are signs of hemorrhagic stroke?

700

This genetic variant is a risk gene for AD. 

What is APOE4?

700

Shifting/displacement of brain tissue due to an injury

What is herniation?

700

Sudden behavioral arrest and unresponsiveness, usually <10 seconds, can have some automatisms or motor features

What is an absence seizure?

700

Ability to adapt or respond to injury to compensate for loss of function.

What is neuroplasticity?

700

The TOMM, Word Choice, Reliable Digit Span, CVLT Forced Choice, Dot Counting Test, Rey 15 Item

What are examples of performance validity tests?

700

Movement disorder with hallmark of asymmetric rigidity or loss of dexterity (usually of one arm) and apraxia.

What is corticobasal syndrome?

700

Usually congenital and benign.

What is a meningioma?

800

This genetic mutation causes early onset, familial Alzheimer's disease.

What is presenilin?

800

Young adult males, elderly, and young children

What are the demographic groups most at risk for TBI. 

800

Phenomenon during development in which language takes over areas generally reserved for visuospatial skills.

What is the "crowding effect"?

800

Associated with thicker cortices, greater dendritic development, more synapses per neuron.

What is the result of environmental enrichment?

800

Total correct digits forward plus correct digits backward on both trials.

Reliable Digit Span, a commonly used embedded performance validity indicator.

800

Rare, rapidly progressive, fatal dementias characterized by small, infectious protein particles and spongiform atrophy.

What is are prion diseases, eg CJD?

800

A stroke in this region may present with uneven gait, emotional incontinence, dysarthric speech, and reports of an earlier episode of sudden nausea/vomiting, imbalance, and tremor.

What is the cerebellum?

900

Difficulty with people's names, more trouble multi-tasking, somewhat slower processing

Typical features of normal aging

900

Temporary period of energy crisis, ionic flux, axonal injury, altered neurotransmitters that produces the common symptoms of concussion.

What is the neurometabolic cascade?

900

Most common pathophysiologic substrate (etiology) of epilepsy

Hippocampal/mesial temporal sclerosis (cell loss, gliosis in hippocampus and dentate gyrus)

900

Part of neurodevelopment that continues through the 20s and occurs in a predictable sequence (primary sensory areas first, then association cortex, lastly frontal region)

Myelination

900

Below chance performance on one or more forced choice measures is known as

Negative response bias

900

General term for the constellation of motor symptoms classic for Parkinson's disease but may also be due to a Parkinson-plus syndrome, TBI, stroke, toxin, medications

Parkinsonism/parkinsonian features

900

Hypoxia, increased intracranial pressure, mass effect, toxicity from blood

Mechanisms of damage in stroke

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