Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
This phase of pharmacokinetics describes how a drug enters the bloodstream.
What is absorption?
A drug that blocks receptor activity is called this.
What is an antagonist?
After a medication error, NCLEX priority is usually to do this first.
What is assess the patient?
Naloxone reversing opioid effects is an example of this interaction.
What is an antagonistic interaction?
A nurse should question an aspirin prescription in this population.
Who are children under 16?
The liver’s metabolism of an oral medication before it reaches systemic circulation is called this.
What is the first-pass effect?
A medication that mimics or enhances the body’s natural chemical response is this type of drug.
What is an agonist?
Giving an IM medication subcutaneously is an example of this type of error.
What is a rule-based error?
Aspirin and warfarin together causing excessive bleeding is this type of interaction.
What is a synergistic interaction?
This route of administration bypasses the first-pass effect and has higher bioavailability.
What is a non-oral route?
(acceptable: IV, IM, sublingual, transdermal, etc.)
A patient receives a drug with a half-life of 6 hours. If the dose is 80 mg, how much remains after 12 hours?
What is 20 mg?
Chemotherapy drugs aim for this concept: damaging abnormal cells while minimizing harm to healthy cells.
What is selective toxicity?
These criteria identify medications that may be inappropriate for older adults.
What are the Beers Criteria?
Grapefruit juice increasing toxicity risk of some medications is this type of interaction.
What is a medication-food interaction?
An older adult is at increased risk for toxicity because aging decreases these two pharmacokinetic processes.
What are metabolism and excretion?
This plasma protein is most responsible for drug binding in the bloodstream.
What is albumin?
This nervous system increases heart rate, dilates bronchi, and inhibits bladder activity.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
Name FOUR of the nurse’s “10 Rights” of medication administration.
Right patient, medication, dose, route, time, documentation, education, assessment, evaluation/response, refusal.
An exaggerated immune response causing hypotension, wheezing, and airway swelling is called this.
What is anaphylactic shock?
A patient taking opioids develops respiratory depression and pinpoint pupils. Which ABCFOB category is the priority concern?
What is Breathing?
A tightly protein-bound drug is given with a loosely protein-bound drug. Which drug is more likely to become toxic?
What is the loosely bound drug?
A patient taking an opioid requires larger doses over time to achieve the same pain relief. This is called:
What is tolerance?
A nurse administers a beta blocker to a patient whose HR is 48/min despite hold parameters. This is what type of medication error?
What is a knowledge-based error?
A patient with impaired kidney function experiences toxic drug buildup from repeated dosing. This is known as:
What is accumulation?
A patient with hypoalbuminemia is prescribed phenytoin and later develops signs of toxicity despite receiving a normal dose. The nurse recognizes this occurred because low albumin levels increased the amount of this form of the drug in circulation.
What is free (unbound) drug?