Intro to Virology
What are the features of a virus?
- DNA or RNA
- Protein coat
How do viruses move between hosts?
- Mechanical
- Vegetative
- Seed
- Vectors
I have a wide host range, I am very stable, and I enter through wounds. I cause many symptoms, including: Mosaic, spotting, streaking, stunting, vein-yellowing, malformation, yield reduction, and inclusion bodies. I have a rigid rod shape and positive sense ssRNA, what virus am I?
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Nematodes have circulatory system, and/or respiratory system?
Both False
What type of nematodes are associated with damage of crops rather than disease of crops?
Migratory Ectoparasites
What are the shapes virus can be?
- Helical (rod, helix)
- Icosahedral (isometric, spherical)
What is an example of a structural protein vs a nonstructural protein?
Structural: capsid/nucleocapsid
Non-structural: movement, polymerase
I stunt young trees and inhibit fruit production. In older trees, I cause small, spotted fruit with an unpleasant taste. I impact papaya and cucurbits. I am filamentous and have positive sense ssRNA, what virus am I?
Papaya ringspot virus
- Guard ring and stylet extension is usually associated with which stylets?
- This stylet is needle-like, having basal knobs with median bulb?
- Odontostylet
- Stomatostylet
I cause galling of roots of nearly more than 3000 host species, by first penetrating the cell with my J2, initaite a feeding site and remain there and form a multinucleate giant cell by mitosis without division, what am I?
Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne)
Which DNA is in viruses in the Geminiviridae family?
ssDNA
How does a virus move between cells?
I infect citrus and am transmitted via aphids or budding/grafting. I impact the quality and quantity of fruit and cause tree decline and death. I am filamentous in shape and have positive sense ssRNA nucleic acid. What virus am I?
Citrus Tristeza Virus
Ectoparasitic nematodes mostly feed on what cells? while endoparasitic nematodes feed on what cells?
Ecto - Epidermal cells
Endo - Cortical cells
I cause stunting of a narrow host species such as potatoes and soybean, pentarate the roots with J2, initiate a feeding site to form a multinucleate cells known as syncytium, what am I?
Cyst nematode (Heterodera or Globodera)
Which ssRNA virus must carry its own RNA polymerase with it in order to be translated?
Negative sense ssRNA
What are the types of insect-virus relationships
- non-circulative, non-persistent
- non-circulative, semi-persistent
- circulative, non-propagative
- circulative, propagative
I infect over 500 species and am transmitted by thrips. I am a single stranded negative sense RNA virus, with an icosahedral shape and enveloped. What am I?
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
Adult female SEDENTARY ENDOPARASITES CAN produce eggs or reproduce without their males counterpart. True or False?
True
I cause yield reductions of more than 400 monocots and dicots, I usually provide opportunity for secondary infections after I cause lesions on either roots, tubers, or rhizomes, what am I?
Lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus)
What is the difference between:
-plasmid
-viroid
-virus
- satellite
- plasmid: circular dsDNA, no protein coat
- viroid: small circular ssRNA, no genes & no coat
- virus: nucleic acid containing genes, with a protein coat
- satellite: nucleic acid +/- genes and coat
What is the product of RNA polymerase in a negative sense ssRNA virus?
Positive sense ssRNA
I infect legumes and am transmitted by whitefly. I cause failure to flower, have a paired-icosahedral shape and ssDNA. What virus am I?
Bean Golden Mosaic
The defining feature between a two-part Esophagus and a three-part Esophagus is what? Which lacks it?
Metacorpus or Median bulb
The two-part Esophagus lacks it.
I have been associated to cause damages on turf and other food crops like sugarcane, potatoes. All stages of my lifestyle are migratory ectoparasites howver, my J2 specifically feed on root hairs, while my adult stages feed on the root tips. What am I?
Sting nematode (Belonolaimus)