Prologue
Who was the American philosopher psychologist who authored a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology
William James
Which of the following methods is most helpful for clarifying cause-effect relationships?
the experiment
After Kato's serious motorcycle accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum.
Kato is most likely to have difficulty
playing his guitar
Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.
psychoactive
One form of a gene that regulates the neurotransmitter serotonin contributes to the development of
a fearful temperament
The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies observable human activity without reference to mental processes is known as
behaviorism
Replication of a research study is most likely to be facilitated by
operational definitions
By restraining the use of his left hand, doctors helped Bruce to use and improve the coordination skills of his right hand. The doctors employed a technique known as
constraint-induced therapy
Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time.
increase; decrease
Since 1960, Americans have experienced a(n)
increase in the incidence of depression and an increase in work hours.
Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the
adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions
Correlation is a measure of the extent to which two factors
vary together
Using a brain-computer interface, some paralyzed people may be able to move a robotic limb simply by thinking about moving it. This best illustrates
cognitive neural prosthetics
The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every
90 minutes
Behaviors expected of those who occupy a particular social position define a
role
From the 1920s into the 1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of
observable behavior
University of Texas students were fitted with belt-worn tape recorders for up to four days so that researchers could sample their daily activities. The researchers employed a scientific method known as
naturalistic observation
José has just played a long, bruising football game but feels little fatigue or discomfort. His lack of pain is most likely caused by the release of
endorphins
A periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness that involves distinct stages is known as
sleep
Men in their ________ are most likely to be sexually attracted to women who are several years older rather than several years younger than themselves.
teens
Which psychological perspective is most likely to examine how group membership influences individual attitudes and behavior
social-cultural
When you question whether anecdotal evidence can be generalized to all people, you are applying
critical thinking
With regard to the process of neural transmission, a refractory period refers to a time interval in which
positively charged ions are pumped back outside a neural membrane
Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?
Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime
Assessing possible links between specific chromosome segments and alcohol dependence would be of greatest interest to a(n)
molecular geneticist.