Common Sense
vs. Science
vs. Science
Although it feels true because it’s repeated over and over or it just seems correct, this type of thinking is based on casual observation rather than documented data.
What is common sense or automatic thinking?
A scatterplot that displays dots rising from left to right indicates this type of correlation.
What is a positive correlation?
This research technique involves watching and recording behavior in its natural setting without interference
What is naturalistic observation?
This technique assigns participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between the different groups.
What is random assignment?
What is participant bias?
This type of thinking is slower and takes more time, energy and effort, but it is less susceptible to errors.
What is critical thinking?
This statistical measure ranges from −1.00 to +1.00 and indicates the degree to which two variables vary together.
What is the correlation coefficient?
A form of descriptive research that provides a detailed analysis of one individual or group that may provide deep insights but cannot be generalized is known as this.
What is a case study?
In an experiment, this is the variable that the researcher actively changes to observe its effect on another variable.
What is the independent variable?
What is experimenter bias?
This is the phenomenon of perceiving a relationship between variables even when no such relationship exists.
What is an illusory correlation?
This describes the relationship between two variables if as one variable increases, the other variable decreases.
What is a negative correlation?
Unlike experimental research, this method identifies relationships between variables without manipulation, though it cannot establish causality.
What is correlational research?
This is the variable that researchers measure in an experiment to see if it is affected by changes in the independent variable.
What is the dependent variable?
This type of bias occurs because once we know the outcome of a situation, we tend to think the outcome was obvious.
What is hindsight bias?
In research, this describes both what results would be expected if it is supported and what results would be if it is not supported.
What is a hypothesis?
Your friend reads a study that indicates a strong positive correlation between ice cream consumption and drowning. They tell you that because they don't want to drown, they're never going to eat ice cream again. This is the name for the third variable driving the relationship (namely, weather or time of year).
What is a confounding variable?
When survey questions are phrased differently—such as asking if you support ‘aid to those in need’ versus ‘welfare’—this phenomenon demonstrates how phrasing can influence responses.
What is the wording effect?
In an experiment, this is the group that receives no treatment is used for comparison to measure the effect of the independent variable.
What is the control group?
This describes our tendency to seek out and pay more attention to information that aligns with what we already believe.
What is confirmation bias?
If created well, this should explain behaviors or events by offering ideas that organize observations, summarize and simplify information, help us to connect observed dots into a more cohesive picture, and be testable.
What is a theory?
This common phrase warns us that a strong relationship between two variables does not necessarily mean that one causes the other.
What is "correlation does not equal causation"?
This type of sample gives every member of the population an equal chance of being included, ensuring the findings can be generalized to the whole group.
What is a representative sample?
This controls for the placebo effect; neither researchers nor participants know who receives the real treatment.
What is the double-blind procedure?
Experts making predictions with high confidence yet low accuracy illustrate this form of bias.
What is overconfidence bias?