A substance that can cross the placental barrier and harm an unborn child
What is a teratogen?
100
the direction of one's sexual attractions
What is sexual orientation?
100
Layer of fatty tissue encasing the axons of some nerve cells
What is a myelin sheath?
100
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment
What is consciousness?
200
Memories of facts and events that can be consciously retrieved
What are explicit memories?
200
In infants, an automatic response to sensory stimulation
What is a reflex?
200
The labels "easy," "difficult," and "slow-to-warm-up" refer to differences within this among infants
What is temperament?
200
Branching extensions of neurons
What are dendrites?
200
Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
What is selective attention?
300
The process of learning associations
What is conditioning?
300
The understanding that things continue to exist even when they are not perceived
What is object permanence?
300
The theory that emphasizes that observation and imitation play a crucial role in the development of gender identity
What is social learning theory?
300
A testable prediction that gives direction to research
What is a hypothesis?
300
The simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels
What is dual processing?
400
The principle that states that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely.
What is the law of effect?
400
The incomplete maturation of this explains why young teens are not fully equipped for curbing risky behavior or making long-term plans
What are the frontal lobes?
400
Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules
What are chromosomes?
400
The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system
What is the hypothalamus?
400
A periodic, natural loss of consciousness that involves distinct stages
What is sleep?
500
A type of learning in which behavior is diminished if followed by a punisher
What is operant conditioning?
500
A psychologist who emphasized that adolescents often try out different "selves" in different situations as part of the process of forming an identity.
Who is Erik Erikson?
500
Every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us
What is environment?
500
A statistical measure of both the direction and the strength of a relationship between two variables
What is correlation coefficient?
500
The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state