Ch1
Everything we do that can be directly observed.
What is a phenotype?
The observable traits of a person
Rods are specialized for
Light sensitivity in dim conditions
The term that refers to daily cycles like sleep/wake, body temperature, and blood sugar levels
Circadian Rhythms
In a study, the ____ is the specific group of people chosen to investigate for the study.
Sample
A testable prediction that derives logically from a theory.
Hypothesis
__________ nerves carry information from the senses to the brain and spinal cord
Afferent or Sensory
Turning sensory energies into neural signals is called this process.
Sensation
These types of drugs slow down the nervous system
Depressants
A regulated procedure in which variables are manipulated to see their effect.
Experiment
Which ethical principle requires participants to know risks before participation?
Informed Consent
This principle states that a neuron either fires completely or not at all.
All-or-nothing principle
Organizing and interpreting sensory information gives meaning in this process.
Perception
Hypnosis is an example of which type of consciousness.
Altered state of consciousness
The part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body and brings it to a resting state
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Every member of the population has an equal chance of selection in this type of sample.
Random sample
What are two areas of the left hemisphere associated with language? What are their functions?
Broca’s area – production of speech; Wernicke’s area – comprehension *
Which concept explains how detecting a stimulus depends not only on its strength but also on the observer’s expectations, experience, motivation, and alertness?
Absolute Threshold
Difference Threshold
Signal Detection Theory
Sensory Adaptation
Signal Detection Theory
Arousal is regulated by this system
Reticular activating system
The two structures in the eye that work together to focus light on the eye's retina
Cornea and lens
He founded psychology’s first lab and used introspection to study conscious experience. What is the approach called
Wilhelm Wundt; Structuralism
Phineas Gage experienced drastic personality changes after his injury. What area of the brain is associated with personality and was possibly damaged?
Prefrontal cortex
This theory of color vision states cones are sensitive to red, green, and blue wavelengths.
Trichromatic theory
What are the two theories on dreaming?
Cognitive theory of dreaming: we can understand dreaming by applying the same cognitive concepts used in studying the waking mind; Activation-synthesis theory: When the brain attempts to find logic in random brain activity that occurs during sleep.
A counselor encourages a client to focus on personal growth and reaching their full potential by choosing their own goals. Which approach is being applied?
Humanistic Approach