General Statistical Concepts
Data Types & Measurements
Studies & Experiments
Bias & Pitfalls
Sampling Methods
100
To learn about a large group by examining data from some of its members. If correct then continue and provide an example.
What is the Common Goal of Statistics?
100
This level of measurement does have meaningful calculations, such as a difference, but does not have a natural zero point. If correct then continue and provide an example.
What is an Interval level of measurement?
100
Observational or Experimental: An example of this type of study is: A Gallup poll of randomly selected adults are asked whether they smoke or not. Among the adults who responded to the survey 21% said that they did smoke.
What is an Observational Study?
100
In a large lecture room class of 300 students, a sample of 10 students was taken to determine the male/female ratio of the class. This type of misuse of statistics has occurred.
What is an example of a misuse of statistics of a Small Sample?
100
This type of sampling occurs when all social security numbers of a companies' employees are place in a hat and a GROUP of 12 people is selected by mixing the numbers up and pulling them out of the hat.
What is a Simple Random Sample?
200
This is the phase of a study where the graphing, exploration of data, and the application of statistical methods occur.
What is the Analysis phase of a Statistical Study?
200
This type of data corresponds to possible values that are either a finite number or a countable number.
What are Discrete Data?
200
The HIV Trials Network is conducting this design of an experimental study to test the effectiveness of two different HIV vaccines. Subjects will consist of 80 pairs of twins. For each pair of twins, the researcher selects one of the subjects to be treated with the DNA vaccine and the other twin to be treated with the ADV vaccine.
What is a Blinding design of experiment?
200
This pitfall is represented when gathering data from South University students by requesting all students to go online and complete the questionnaire and only 65% of the student body responds.
What is Missing Data or Nonresponse?
200
This sampling occurs when we divide the population into groups based on age ranges then select 10 people from each of those groups to participate in our study.
What is Stratified Sampling?
300
This is the complete collection of all measurements that are being considered.
What is the Population?
300
Questions on a survey are measured by scores of 1 thru 5, with 1 representing a "strongly disagree" and a 5 representing a "strongly agree" is a level of this type of measurement.
What is an example of Ordinal Measurement?
300
Data are collected from a past time period by going back in time through an examination of historical records/documents or interviews for this study.
What is a Retrospective Study?
300
Where do you most often enjoy drinking beer? Do you support aborting a healthy fetus? When did you stop abusing your spouse? Should responsible parents use only the best 5 point harness restraint car seat for their precious child? These questions all illustrates this type of a potential pitfall in a survey.
What is a Loaded or Leading Question?
300
At an airport security checkpoint every 10th individual is more thoroughly searched than the others.
What is an example of a Systematic sampling method?
400
This is the collection of data from every member of the population. This is the subcollection of members data selected from a population.
What is a Census? What is a Sample?
400
Data that is numerical. Data that is categorical. If correct then continue and provide an example of each.
What is Quantitative Data? What is Qualitative Data?
400
In this experiment the results are positive in nature for female runners wearing a new type of lightweight shoe vs a no change result of the male group of runners wearing a standard weight shoe. This term refers to the condition when researchers are unable to attribute a result to the new light weight shoe or due to gender.
What is Confounding?
400
This internet poll is requesting your opinion of the new Yankees' team logo. Since this is a self selected sample it produces these type of results. A Tylenol drug manufacture conducts a study on pain relievers. Since they have a vested interest the study results these results are also of this type.
What are biased results?
400
Collecting data in a mall corridor and including those shoppers that appear to be the most approachable is utilizing this type of sampling.
What is Convenience Sampling?
500
General term used for a value measuring a trait of the Population? Sample? If correct then continue and provide an example of each.
What is a Parameter? What is a Statistic?
500
The amount of water pumped from a pond per day. The temperature on a thermometer. The mean weight of 100 flour sacks. These are all of this type of data, and of this type of measurement.
What is Quantitative or Continuous Data? What is a Ratio level of Measurement?
500
This type of error occurs when a interviewer inadvertently leads a subject to select one answer over another with their body language.
What is Nonsampling Error?
500
A study records the amount of ice cream eaten and the number of drowning deaths that occur per month. The results show that as the consumption of ice cream increases so does the number of drownings. Thus a requirement for manufactures' to include a drowning warning on ice cream product labels is being proposed; is an example of this type of a conclusion.
What is a misleading conclusion; correlation does not imply causality?
500
This sampling method is being used when surveying a city population's opinion by dividing its geographical area based on apartment buildings. The buildings are randomly selected and every tenant within the selected building is surveyed.
What is Cluster Sampling?
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