Intro 1
What are Innate and Adaptive immune systems
Innate - host defense mechanisms that do not adapt to a particular pathogen or generate immunity.
Adaptive - Antigen specific immune responses generated by B and T lymphocytes and includes immune memory.
What are the main Physical and Chemical barriers to infection
Physical - Skin, Mucous membranes, and respiratory tract
Chemical - pH and antimicrobial molecules
What is the first lymphoid organ to develop
Thymus
What is Immune Memory
The ability of the immune system to respond more rapidly and effectively
What does the Spleen do
Filters blood
Concentrates blood-borne pathogens
High macrophage activity
Important for encapsulated bacteria defense
Innate - Pattern recognition receptors (membrane bound and soluble)
Adaptive - Somatic generated receptors (B and T cell receptors)
What do PRRs do
Innate Immune system recognizing broad motifs found in pathogens
What do lymph nodes do
Filter lymph fluid and are sites for mixing of dendritic cells, monocytes and lymphocytes
Immune responses are mediated by
Ligand receptor interactions
What happens during negative selection of the Thymus
T cells that bind self-antigens undergo apoptosis
What are Haptens and Toleragens.
Haptens - Do not induce an immune response unless bound to an immunogen
Toleragens - induce adaptive immune response
What are examples of PAMPs
Sugars, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic acids
What give rise to leukocytes
The pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
What are the 4 main antimicrobial molecules
Defensins, Fatty acids, RNAse and DNAse, Lysozyme
What cell type is a professional antigen presenting cell
Macrophage
Ligands that illicit an immune response are called what
Antigens
What are Toll-like receptors
Type of PRR
List the characteristics of Mast Cells
Histamine, Leukotrienes, Proteases, and pro-inflammatory cytokines
allergic reactions
mast cells are found in tissues
What are complement receptors
Receptors on phagocytic cells and facilitate the binding, ingestion, and internal degradation of the tagged microbes
What are myeloid lineage cells
Neutrophils, Macrophages, and Dendritic cells
What is missing when recognizing absence of self
self molecules like MHC 1
What do killer activation receptors detect
MICA and MICB and killing of cell
What are Eosinophils
Innate and adaptive immunity, Important in helminth responses
Granule contain various proteins that are proinflammatory and toxic
What is the Lymphatic circulatory system
Additional circulatory system outside of the cardiovascular system that carries leukocytes, cell debris and lymph fluid.
Randomly generated, associated with memory, include TCR and BCR