part 1
What do we call the process that creates the female gametes or ova by undergoing unequal meiotic divisions?
Oogenesis
During labor, the mother’s body produces various substances that increase the pace the baby is born. What feedback mechanism contributes to the expulsion of a baby during labor?
positive feedback
What happens if glycogen storage is full and we still increase our caloric intake?
It is going to be stored as fat.
What are the two mechanisms of digestion that take place in the mouth?
mechanical and chemical digestion.
What is 1 complete sequence of pumping?
Cardiac cycle
Before it became multicellular, zygotes undergo repeated mitotic divisions. What do we call the process?
cleavage formation
When we ingest glucose, our body uses as much as it needs and stores the rest. What is the energy storage format in animals?
glycogen
Our body is able to produce a certain amount of amino acids in our body. But it is not enough and we have to get the rest 8 from food. What do we call those proteins?
Essential amino acids.
Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down protein in the stomach but, before it gets to the stomach it has to be in its inactive form, pepsinogen. What activates pepsinogen after it gets to its destination?
HCL
What are the two things we need to have an effective O2 and CO2 exchange between our surrounding and cells?
moist membrane and high surface area.
Why do we need buffers?
Because they reduce acidity
Mammals regulate the usage and storage of glucose in their body. When the amount of glucose decreases in the body, glucagon breaks down glycogen to release glucose. When the amount of glucose increases in our body, on the other hand, insulin lowers the amount of glucose by converting the excess glucose into glycogen and storing it in the liver and muscle cells. What do we call this mechanism?
negative feedback
When we don’t include essential nutrients in our diet, we end up with deficiency diseases. What happens if we miss vitamin B12?
Anemia
Large intestines or colon play a huge role in absorbing water. What happens if enough water is not absorbed?
diarrhea
The liver produces bile and stores it in the gall bladder. What is the importance of bile?
it emulsifies fats
What is epiglottis and what is its importance?
it is a flap of cartilage and it is important to close trachea during swallowing.
Where does most digestion take place in the intestine?
duodenum
What is peristalsis in the swallowing process?
Pushing food by rhythmic waves of smooth muscle contraction.
What is the importance of having a 4 chambered heart?
The four chambers separate the oxygen-rich blood from oxygen-poor blood.
What is the vain between atrium and ventricle?
Atrioventricular valve
What is neurulation and what is its importance?
The formation of notochord and neural tube. It is essential for the development of the nervous system
Mention three differences between arteries and veins?
Arteries have thicker walls that have a narrow diameter, they are very elastic and they take blood away from the heart.
Veins have a thinner wall with a wide diameter, they have valves and the bring back blood to the heart.
What are accessory glands?
they are glands that secrete digestive juices.
What is the difference between open and closed circulatory system?
n an open circulatory system, there is no separation between blood and interstitial fluid. But for the closed circulatory system, the blood is enclosed in blood vessels and the interstitial fluid is outside.
What is the significance of the lymphatic system?
they are useful to get rid of toxins and waste. They are also good to transport white blood cells to an infected area.