Red Blood Cells
What is the name of a mature red blood cell?
Erythrocyte
Antigens are located...... Antibodies are located.......
On red blood cell surfaces, in the plasma
What makes up the majority of blood?
Plasma, it makes up about 55% of whole blood.
Where does erythropoiesis/hematopoiesis occur?
Red bone marrow- many places in the axial skeleton (flat bones of skull, sternum), epiphyses of long bones.
What three types of blood vessels are in the cardiovascular system?
Arteries, Veins, Capillaries
Where are immature red blood cells found?
Red bone marrow
What type of antibodies does a person with type O- have?
Type A antibodies, Type B antibodies, might have Rh antibodies depending on exposure
What are three functions of blood?
Transportation of nutrients, regulation of pH and body temp., and protection against fluid loss and pathogens.
When a developing red blood cell is first ejected into the bloodstream, what is it called?
Reticulocyte. It will not become a erythrocyte until it takes on a lot of oxygen.
What are the only blood vessels that can participate in gas exchange?
Capillaries
Can red blood cells produce ATP?
Yes, they can produce ATP anaerobically.
What does a positive agglutination response indicate?
It indicates if an ANTIGEN is present.
Explain how blood is a connective tissue.
Connective tissues contains few cells in an extracellular matrix. The formed elements are the cells and the plasma is the extracellular matrix.
What hormone stimulates erythropoiesis? Where is this hormone produced? What stimulates the release of this hormone?
Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys and the liver. More EPO will be released with low blood oxygen (low red blood cells, high tissue demand)
Explain the direction of blood flow through arteries and veins.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood to the heart. This does not directly correlated with if the blood is oxygenated of not.
What does a hematocrit measure? What are two ways a hematocrit could change?
The percent by volume of RBCs in a centrifuged whole blood. You could have some sort of anemia, you could be dehydrated.
You are testing someone's blood and see an agglutination response to the anti-A antibody and the anti-B antibody. What blood type does this person have? What antibodies do they have? Who can donate blood to them?
Type AB-, they have anti-Rh antibodies, Types O-, A-, B-, and AB- can donate to them.
What components make up plasma? What components make up the formed elements?
Plasma: water, proteins, and other solutes
Formed Elements: platelets, white blood cell, red blood cells
After a myeloid stem cell is committed to becoming a red blood cell, what three stages will it go through?
Ribosome production, hemoglobin synthesized and collected, cell ejects nucleus/organelles
Other than gases, what substances can pass through capillaries? Where do the substances go?
Ions and fluid will move into the interstitial space, creating interstitial fluid. Red blood cells and proteins cannot leave the capillary.
Explain the composition of hemoglobin. What is its function? What is a healthy level of hemoglobin?
4 heme groups that contain iron, and globin protein chains. Hemoglobin is a gas transport protein that allows red blood cells to transport oxygen. A healthy level of hemoglobin is about 1/3 or your hematocrit.
Do we give whole blood? Why/why not?
We do not give whole blood. Usually the red blood cells are separated from the plasma. The plasma contains substances such as antibodies, proteins and platelets that are valuable, but necessarily needed in all circumstances where blood is being given.
What is the difference between plasma and serum?
Plasma is the fluid portion of blood including dissolved proteins. It has no formed elements.
Serum is the fluid after a clot has formed. It is usually straw colored and does not contain dissolved clotting proteins or formed elements.
Explain the life cycle of a red blood cell.
Erythropoiesis will occur in the red bone marrow for about a week. After about 3-4 months of circulation, macrophages break down red blood cells. Iron portion of the heme will be kept and the non iron portions of the heme will be turned into bilirubin and and be processed by the liver and excreted. Globin will be broken down into amino acids to be reused wherever.
Explain the functions of the pulmonary and systemic circuit of the cardiovascular system. Bonus: How does blood flow through each?
The systemic circuit serves the whole body for nutrient delivery/waste removal & the pulmonary circuit allows blood to exchange oxygen & CO2 with air in lungs.
Arteries in the systemic circuit carry oxygenated blood and veins carry deoxygenated blood. It is the opposite in the pulmonary circuit.