History and Development of Corrections
Correctional Systems
Correctional Policy and Procedures
Prisoners
Correctional Alternatives
100
The first penitentiary in America established by Dr. Benjamin Rush and the Pennsylvania Society.
What is the Walnut Street Jail?
100
These represent the oldest correctional component and were originally used to detain offenders awaiting trial or punishment, the displaced, poor and mentally ill.
What are jails?
100
This goal of punishment seeks to hold persons accountable for offending.
What is retribution?
100
In the prison environment, interpersonal and collective are two types of this.
What is violence?
100
This model from the early 1960s believed that offenders were "sick" with a condition that caused their criminality and that treatment in prison could cure them.
What is the Medical Model?
200
The Hawes-Cooper Act and Ashurst-Sumners Act ended this era of American prisons.
What is the Industrial Prison Era?
200
Sixty-four percent of jail inmates have a recent history or symptoms of this.
What is mental illness?
200
This pretrial approach suspends criminal processing while requiring conditions to be met.
What is pretrial diversion?
200
In 2003, this federal legislation was passed to eliminate sexual abuse in confinement.
What is the Prison Rape Elimination Act?
200
This is a period of conditional supervised release in the community following a prison term.
What is parole?
300
This ideal was influenced by John Howard and was based on the belief that offenders could reform themselves through isolation, hard work and penance.
What is the Penitentiary Ideal?
300
More punitive drug sanctions, increased determinate sentencing and political factors have contributed to this in America's prison system.
What is growth?
300
Autocratic and empowered are the two types of this culture.
What is management culture?
300
Offenders whose circumstances, conditions, or behaviors require management or treatment outside the normal approach to supervision.
What are special needs offenders?
300
This is a court-ordered period of correctional supervision in the community, generally as an alternative to incarceration.
What is probation?
400
The New York House of Refuge (1825) was the first specialized institution for this type of offender.
What are juveniles?
400
Perimeter barriers, control of inmate movements and staff-to-inmate ratios are all characteristics of this.
What are levels of security?
400
This type of system determines not only the proper inmate security level, but also the proper type of inmate housing.
What are classification systems?
400

In Cooper v. Pate (1964), the Supreme Court ruled for the first time that inmates had legal standing to do this.

What is sue in court over the conditions of their confinement?

400
These are sanctions that range between probation and imprisonment.
What are intermediate sanctions?
500
These two models, also known as the "silent" and "congregate" systems, were the first two prison systems in the U.S.
What are the Pennsylvania and Auburn systems?
500

What is the name of the SuperMax Federal Prison in Colorado.

ADX Florence.

500
This organization creates standards for professional corrections practices.
What is the American Correctional Association?
500

To limit inmate litigation, corrections administrators should balance these two sometimes competing interests.

What are inmate requests and security of the facility?

500
This country has more people in prison than any other.
What is the United States?
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