A personality disorder characterized by aggressive behavior and an inability to sympathize with the pain and suffering of others.
What is a psychopath?
100
The status of a convicted offender who has been conditionally released from prison before the expiration of their sentence and required to observe special conditions while out of prison.
What is parole?
100
Gave the British Metropolitan Police their nickname of "Bobbies" and is considered the founding father of police work.
Who is Sir Robert Peel.
100
A crime which can generally result in one year or less of incarceration
What is misdemeanor?
200
Emile Durkheim, a socially pervasive condition of normlessness.
What is anomie?
200
The physical wearing of an electronic device that restricts the movements of an offender. Violations of the boundaries and result in being sent back to prison or jail.
What is electronic monitoring or "tether"?
200
A court session held to determine whether there is probable cause to take a defendant to trial.
What is preliminary hearing, probable cause hearing or grand jury session?
200
Generally, the only publicly elected position in law enforcement.
What is the Sheriff?
200
The condition that occurs when correctional facilities have exceeded their rated and / or operational capacities,
What is overcrowding?
300
Created by Jeremy Bentham, the idea that prior to committing crimes offenders would weigh the benefits and potential punishments to come to a decision.
What is hedonistic calculus?
300
A court requirement that an accused or convicted offender pay money or provide services to the victim of a crime or the community.
What is restitution?
300
The negotiating between a defendant and their attorney and the prosecutor and the court to come to an agreement, usually for a lesser criminal charge or lesser period of incarceration.
What is plea bargain?
300
The term used for the measure of the time that it takes for police officers to respond to calls for service.
What is response time?
300
The legal status of some inmates when they can no longer vote, marry, enter into contracts, hold public office, etc.
What is civil death?
400
The theory that believes for punishment to be effective it must be swift and certain and the punishment must be greater than any benefit to committing the crime.
What is the Classical School of Criminology?
400
The sentencing option that allows for part of the time given to be served in prison / jail and the other half on probation
What is split sentencing?
400
When a defendant does not wish to admit guilt, but does not wish to contest the conviction.
What is No Contest or "nolo contendere"?
400
The opportunity for police officers to exercise choice in their enforcement activities such as traffic tickets, warnings and some misdemeanor arrest situations.
What is discretion?
400
A process by which new prisoners are institutionalized and come to learn the language, subculture, values and other social conditions necessary to prison life.
What is prisonization?
500
Idea pioneerd by Cesare Lombroso that people had certain physical features, similar to those of cave people or earlier stages of human evolution that made them more likely to commit crimes.
What is atavism?
500
The release of an inmate based on statute or sentencing guidelines and not decided by a parole board or other authority.
What is mandatory release?
500
When a defendant refuses to enter a plea during arraignment and the court must enter a plea of not guilty on their behalf
What does it mean to Stand Mute?
500
The two requirements necessary for the provisions set forth in Miranda v. Arizona to apply.
What is custody & interrogation?
500
The prevailing prison system for most of modern history where inmates worked and were housed in groups, silence was golden and corporal punishment was used regularly.