Patterns of
Biological Diversity
Biological Diversity
On his voyage Darwin observed the various species of finches on the Galapagos Islands. What trait of each finch did he find had the biggest impact on the species fitness?
Beak Shape
This scientist contributed to Darwin's thinking by suggesting that a population that grows without any restrictions eventually wouldn't have enough room or food for future generations.
Thomas Malthus
What phrase did this observation produce?
When a population grows beyond what an environment can hold, _______ ____________ takes place and those individuals with traits best suited to survive and reproduce will have increased fitness.
natural selection
A human's arm and a whale's fin are good examples of these kinds of structures.
homologous structures
Evolution is best defined as....
a process of change over time
These are the 3 continents Darwin visited.
+ 200 points for each correct continent
- 200 points for each incorrect continent.
Australia, Africa, and South America
Who suggested that factors or events such as war, disease, and famine (starvation) can prevent a population from growing unstopped.
Thomas Malthus
He wrote a joking essay about eating children
This is a measure of how well an organism is able to survive and reproduce
fitness
Analogous structure.
Bonus give me an example of an analogous structure.
This is the study of species and where they lived compared to when and where their ancestors lived.
biogeography.
This pattern of biodiversity was observed by Darwin when he realized that similar species with similar structures were found on different continents.
species vary globally.
Lamarck hypothesized that organisms could pass on traits that they altered during their lifetime. What are these traits called?
Was there evidence to support his hypothesis?
Acquired Trait.
No
A trait that can be passed down from parent to offspring that improves the individual's ability to survive and reproduce in the environment.
adaptation
Similarities during embryo development can help explain the presence of these structures
homologous structure
These are traits an individual can obtain or change in themselves over the course of their life time.
Acquired traits.
Can they be passed from parent to offspring?
The Galapagos tortoises and Darwins Finches are good examples of how species can vary ____________
Locally.
Lamarck may not have gotten how traits were passed on correctly. Still, he did help support the concept of ______________, which means that new generations of species receive slight modifications from their ancestors that, over time, will accumulate until evolution occurs.
Descent with modification.
what influences natural selection
The environment an individuals lives in.
Which of these below would show that two organisms share a common ancestor?
Homologous Structures
Analogous structures
Homologous Structure.
Bonus what other type of structure can be found in an organism that would indicate the presence of a common ancestor?
These are structures that once survive a purpose in an organism's ancestors but are now passed on without the function being present.
Vestigial structure.
A good example is the pelvis and humerus bone in whales.
Fossils are excellent pieces of evidence that show how species can vary ______________.
over time
1. The earth is much older than we initially believed.
2. The Earth is changing geologically in the same way now as it did in the past.
3. If the Earth is changing the environment organisms live in then organisms will need to change (adapt) in order to survive.
Define descent with modification/common descent
Organisms living today have received modified traits from their ancestors.
What piece of evidence did Darwin have access to/did not influence his research on evolution through natural selection?
DNA Evidence and heredity.
These traits have different structures due to organisms not sharing a recent common ancestor.
Analogous