What is Gambling?
Gambling is best defined as:
A) Spending money on leisure activities.
B) Betting money on a certain outcome.
C) Wagering money or valued commodities on an uncertain outcome.
D) Playing games for entertainment only.
C) Wagering money or valued commodities on an uncertain outcome.
In the DSM-5, Gambling Disorder is classified as:
A) Impulse Control Disorder.
B) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
C) Substance-Related and Addictive Disorder.
D) Mood Disorder.
C) Substance-Related and Addictive Disorder.
Evidence suggests gambling has existed for:
A) Hundreds of years.
B) Since the Middle Ages.
C) Several thousand years.
D) Since the 20th century.
C) Several thousand years.
Which reinforcement schedule do EGMs/VLTs use?
A) Fixed ratio.
B) Fixed interval.
C) Variable (random) reinforcement.
D) Differential reinforcement.
C) Variable (random) reinforcement.
How many gambling subtypes/pathways are there?
A) Two.
B) Three.
C) Four.
D) Five.
B) Three (i.e., Behaviourally Conditioned, Emotionally Vulnerable, Antisocial–Impulsivist).
Which gambling activity is most commonly participated in, but generally causes less harm than others?
A) EGMs/VLTs.
B) Casino table games.
C) Lotteries.
D) Sports betting.
C) Lotteries.
To be diagnosed with Gambling Disorder, an individual must meet how many criteria within 12 months?
A) Two or more.
B) Three or more.
C) Four or more.
D) Five or more.
C) Four or more.
Which religion explicitly identifies gambling as a major sin?
A) Christianity.
B) Judaism.
C) Buddhism.
D) Islam.
D) Islam.
“Chasing losses” refers to:
A) Increasing bets after wins.
B) Gambling to recover lost money.
C) Switching gambling activities.
D) Borrowing money to gamble.
B) Gambling to recover lost money.
Which subtype/pathway involves gambling primarily to regulate emotions?
A) Behaviourally Conditioned.
B) Emotionally Vulnerable.
C) Antisocial–Impulsivist.
D) Recreational.
B) Emotionally Vulnerable.
Which form of gambling is considered the most harmful at a population level?
A) Bingo.
B) Scratch tickets.
C) Sports betting.
D) Electronic Gaming Machines (EGMs/VLTs).
D) Electronic Gaming Machines (EGMs/VLTs).
Which of the following is NOT a DSM-5 Gambling Disorder criterion?
A) Chasing losses.
B) Needing to gamble with increasing amounts of money.
C) Gambling during manic episodes.
D) Lying to conceal gambling behaviour.
C) Gambling during manic episodes.
In Canada, large-scale commercial gambling expansion primarily occurred during:
A) The 1950s.
B) The 1970s.
C) The 1980s–1990s.
D) The 2000s.
C) The 1980s–1990s.
Delay discounting refers to:
A) Preferring long-term rewards.
B) Avoiding uncertainty.
C) Preferring immediate rewards despite long-term consequences.
D) Gradually reducing gambling.
C) Preferring immediate rewards despite long-term consequences.
Which gambling subtype/pathway is most commonly seen in treatment?
A) Behaviourally Conditioned.
B) Emotionally Vulnerable.
C) Antisocial–Impulsivist.
D) Recreational.
B) Emotionally Vulnerable.
Which feature makes EGMs/VLTs particularly dangerous?
A) Skill-based outcomes.
B) Fixed reinforcement schedules.
C) Continuous, rapid betting.
D) Social interaction.
C) Continuous, rapid betting.
Which severity level corresponds to endorsing 6–7 DSM-5 criteria?
A) Mild.
B) Moderate.
C) Severe.
D) Subclinical.
B) Moderate.
Which gambling activity declined following commercial gambling expansion?
A) Lotteries.
B) Sports betting.
C) Horse betting.
D) Casinos.
C) Horse betting.
Which brain system is most strongly associated with pleasure and reward in gambling?
A) Prefrontal cortex.
B) Amygdala.
C) Dopamine mesolimbic pathway.
D) Hippocampus.
C) Dopamine mesolimbic pathway.
Which subtype/pathway is considered the hardest to treat?
A) Behaviourally Conditioned.
B) Emotionally Vulnerable.
C) Antisocial–Impulsivist.
D) Recreational.
C) Antisocial–Impulsivist.
Which type of gambling involves outcomes that are largely random rather than skill-based?
A) Poker.
B) Sports betting.
C) Roulette.
D) Stock trading.
C) Roulette.
Gambling Disorder cannot be diagnosed if gambling behaviour is better explained by:
A) Anxiety disorders.
B) Substance intoxication.
C) A manic episode.
D) Personality disorders.
C) A manic episode.
Which country loses the most money per person on gambling?
A) Canada.
B) New Zealand.
C) Australia.
D) United States.
C) Australia.
Neuroimaging studies show that pathological gamblers experience losses as:
A) More punishing than controls.
B) Equally punishing.
C) Less punishing due to altered reward processing.
D) Unrelated to reward circuitry.
C) Less punishing due to altered reward processing.
Traditional First Nations gambling practices were primarily associated with:
A) Daily recreation.
B) Wealth accumulation.
C) Ritualistic and ceremonial purposes.
D) Commercial profit.
C) Ritualistic and ceremonial purposes.