Definitions
What is phenotype?
The set of physical characteristics an individual has is called a phenotype
What are the differences between alleles, genes and traits?
A gene is a portion of DNA that determines a certain trait. An allele is a specific form of a gene. Genes are responsible for the expression of traits. Alleles are responsible for the variations in which a given trait can be expressed.
The term for an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular gene.
What is homozygous?
Who is the father of genetics
Gregor Mendel
What is the definition of an adaptation?
an inherited trait that increases an organism’s chances of survival
What are alleles?
A specific form of a gene
What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
Genotype is all the genes passed onto an individual by their parents. The set of physical characteristics an individual has is called a phenotype.
The term for an organism that has two different alleles for a particular gene.
What is heterozygous?
This principle, discovered by Mendel, states that some allels are dominant and others are recessive
principle of dominance
What are 2 benefits of variations?
-survival/stability
-if one goes extinct we have others to continue the jobs
What are traits?
A trait is a specific characteristic of an organism.
Where are genes found?
Chromosomes
Geneticists use these to help predict the probability of genotype and phenotype combinations in a genetic cross.
What are Punnett squares?
When an organism inherits two of the same alleles, we describe this genotype as being __________. And when an organism inherits two different alleles, we describe this geneotype as being __________.
homozygous; heterozygous
What are the 4 steps of Darwin's theory of Natural Selection?
Overproduction
Variation (Biodiversity)
Competition
Selection
What is inheritance?
Inheritance is the process by which genetic information is passed on from parent to child.
How are traits determined?
Traits are determined by a number of genes contained that are passed down from parent to offspring
The physical appearance of a trait.
What is Phenotype?
This tool is used in genetics to predict the traits passed down from 2 parents to offspring.
punnett square
What are 3 examples of artificial selection? Give an example of each.
Selective breeding- dogs
Cloning- Dolly sheep
Genetic engineering- making insulin in factories
What are genes?
A gene is a portion of DNA that determines a certain trait.
Why is it important to know genetics
Variable
The trait represented by letters
What is Genotype?
Who is the father of evolution?
Charles Darwin
What are 3 differences between mitosis and meiosis?
mitosis- 4 stages identical, one parent/asexual reproduction
meiosis- 8 stages, not identical, 2 parents/sexual reproduction