ANTIQUITY
WHAT IS THE NAME OF PLATO'S BOOK ON LINGUISTICS?
CRATYLUS - The dialogue features three main characters—Socrates, Cratylus, and Hermogenes—debating whether words inherently reflect the essence of what they signify or if they are simply a result of social conventions.
WHICH LANGUAGE WAS THE MAIN ONE IN THE MIDDLE AGES?
LATIN- was the dominant language of scholarship, education, and the Church during the Middle Ages. It served as a lingua franca for educated individuals across Europe.
Renaissance in linguistics.
The Renaissance (approximately the 14th to the 17th century) marked a period of renewed interest in classical knowledge, culture, and humanism, significantly influencing various fields, including linguistics.
Who was the father of linguistics?
Ferdinand de Saussure
What is linguistics?
LINGUISTICS IS A BRANCH OF SCIENCE WHICH STUDIES LANGUAGE
Define the difference between analogy and anomaly.
WHO WAS ST. JEROME?
St. Jerome translated the Bible into Latin, and also had a lasting impact on the study of language and translation practices.
Which invention affected the development of linguistics?
The invention of the printing press in the mid-15th century revolutionized the dissemination of linguistic knowledge. It allowed for the mass production of books, including grammar, dictionaries, and literature in vernacular languages.
What is a ‘signifier’ and ‘signified’?
signifier is the form (word, image, sound), while signified is the meaning or concept that the form evokes.
What differences between ‘lange’ and ‘parole’ can you highlight?
LANGUE IS A LANGUAGE(GENERAL)
PAROLE IS A SPEECH(SPECIFIC/PERSONAL)
Who were the conventionalists?
Conventionalists argue that language is a system of arbitrary signs governed by social conventions, not by any intrinsic or natural connection between words and their meanings.
What is "De Lingua Latina" ?
Varro wrote extensively, but his most notable linguistic work is "De Lingua Latina" (On the Latin Language). In this work, he systematically analyzed the Latin language, its grammar, and its usage, although much of it has not survived.
Standardization of Languages
The Renaissance saw efforts to standardize vernacular languages, leading to the establishment of grammatical rules and norms. Scholars and writers sought to define the structure of their languages, which contributed to linguistic consistency.
European structuralism.
European structuralism was a pivotal intellectual movement that focused on the underlying structures governing language, culture, and society. Influenced by Ferdinand de Saussure's ideas, it extended its reach into various disciplines, seeking to uncover the systems that shape human understanding and communication.
What are the differences between synchronic and diachronic approaches in linguistic analysis?
SYNCHRONICAL LINGUISTICS STUDIES ONLY SOME EXACT PERIOD
DIACHRONIC LINGUISTICS STUDIES LONGER PERIODS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ALL CHANGES
Stoics and their linguistics views
The Stoics, a school of philosophy that emerged in ancient Greece and became prominent in the Roman Empire. Stoics categorized words based on their functions and meanings. They recognized the importance of nouns, verbs, and adjectives, and analyzed how these parts of speech relate to the objects and actions they describe.
Varro and his linguistics views.
Varro contributed to the development of Latin grammar and syntax. He aimed to systematically describe Latin, focusing on its structure and rules. His work included discussions of parts of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.) and their functions within sentences, contributing to a more formal understanding of language structure.
Interest in Sanskrit in Renaissance
European scholars developed an interest in classical languages, including Sanskrit, which was studied for its grammatical complexity and literary richness. This interest laid the groundwork for the study of linguistics and comparative philology.
Leonard Bloomfield
One of the key figures in American structuralism. His work emphasized the scientific study of language and the importance of observable data. In his influential book, "Language" (1933), Bloomfield advocated for a rigorous, descriptive approach to linguistics, focusing on the structures of language rather than its historical development
Can you define the syllable and its types?
A syllable is a unit of speech that typically contains a vowel sound and may or may not be accompanied by consonants.
Syllables are categorized based on their structure and sound patterns. Common types include:
Open Syllable:Example: "go," "he," "me."
Closed Syllable:Example: "cat," "dog," "sit."
What can you mention about the “Antiquity” period and its representatives?
The Antiquity period was a time of rich intellectual and cultural development. Greek philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle laid the groundwork for Western philosophy
What years are included in the Middle Ages period?
The Middle Ages (approximately the 5th to the late 15th century) was a period of significant development in various fields, including linguistics.
what was the reason for the literal burst?
Education became accessible for every one
American structuralism
American structuralism was a significant intellectual movement that emphasized the scientific study of language and culture through empirical methods and structural analysis. Influenced by behaviorism and European structuralism, it sought to document the structures underlying language and social practices.
What differences of “phoneme” and “sound” can you highlight?