History & Change
Regional Variation
Social Variation
L1 Acquisition
L2 Acquisition
100
The Norman French invasion of 1066 marked the beginning of this period in the history of the English language.
What is Middle English?
100

This idealized variety of a language supposedly has no specific region, and is associated with administrative & commercial outlets, written forms, and education. 

What is a standard(ized) language?

100
The study of the relationship between language and society.
What is sociolinguistics?
100

This is the first stage in the production of speech sounds for the first language.

What is cooing?

100

These factors can create barriers to L2 acquisition, such as stress, discomfort, self-consciousness, or lack of motivation

What are affective factors?

200

These three languages helped early philologists identify the Indo-European family tree.

What are Ancient Greek, Roman, and Sanskrit?

200
A linguistic situation where a "low" variety of a language is used for everyday affairs, and a "high" variety of a language is used in school or for important matters.
What is diglossia?
200

Labov (and Trudgill) researched the use of this social marker to show social variation based on social class.

What is the postvocalic /r/?

200

This stage in L1 acquisition usually occurs between 12-18 months old. 

What is the one-word stage?

200

This eases the learning of an L2 because the L1 and L2 share a similar feature 

What is positive transfer?

300
The (hypothetical) common linguistic ancestor of languages such as English, Irish, French, Greek, Russian, Hindi, and Persian.
What is Proto-Indo-European?
300
The language that is the main source of words in a pidgin is known as the _____ language.
What is lexifier language?
300
The status of an accent or dialect that is generally recognized as "better" or more positively valued in the larger community.
What is overt prestige?
300

This test proved that children are not acquiring their L1 through imitation by presenting children with made-up words and asking them to pluralize or diminuitize these words.

What is the Wug Test?

300

This method of teaching an L2 focuses on written language and memorization, and uses vocabulary lists and sets of grammar rules extensively.

What is the grammar-translation method?

400
This principle of language change states that certain types of sound change are very common, while others are unlikely.
What is the most natural development principle?
400
The range of slightly different varieties of a creole, evolving after the creole has come into existence.
What is the post-creole continuum?
400

The conventional way of using language that is appropriate to a specific social context (situational, occupational, or topical).

What is register?

400

An example of this is when a child says "They blowed it up together." 

What is overgeneralization?

400

This is the general ability to use (a second) language accurately, appropriately, and flexibly. 

What is communicative competence?

500
This type of sound change is represented in the change "slummer" → "slumber"
What is epenthesis?
500
Government, legal, and educational organizations in many countries do this to determine what varieties of languages spoken in the country will be used for official business.
What is language planning?
500
Reduction of final consonant clusters, use of double negatives, and a complex grammatical system for showing aspect are features commonly associated with this sociolect.
What is African American English (AAE) or African American Vernacular English (AAVE)?
500

This is important for both L1 and L2 acquisition and refers to the language that any acquirer/learner is exposed to. 

What is input?

500

This type of class-based learning uses activities where learners must interact to exchange information or solve problems. 

What is task-based learning?

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