a group of statements in which one or more are claimed to provide support for another
What is an argument?
100
a statement that can be either true or false
What is contingent?
100
a statement which says that something is not true
What is negation?
100
an argument which says that one or the other of two statements is true, but one of them is false, so the other must be true
What is disjunctive syllogism?
100
dropping a universal quantifier and replacing a variable with a constant
What is universal instantiation?
200
a statement which provides evidence or reason for believing another statement
What is a premise?
200
a statement that is necessarily true, just because of its logical form
What is a tautology?
200
a statement that says one or the other of two things is true (or both)
What is disjunction?
200
an argument which says one statement implies another, and the first is true, so the second must be true
What is modus ponens?
200
dropping an existential quantifier and replacing the variable with a constant
What is existential instantiation?
300
a statement which is claimed to follow from one or more other statements
What is a conclusion?
300
a statement which is necessarily false, just because of its logical form
What is a contradiction?
300
a statement that says if something is true, something else is true
What is implication, conditional sentence?
300
an argument which says one statement implies another, but the second is false, so the first must be false
What is modus tollens?
300
replacing a constant with a variable, and adding an existential quantifier
What is existential generalization?
400
An argument which claims that the conclusion follows probably from the premise(s).
What is inductive?
400
two statements which necessarily have the same truth value
What is equivalent?
400
a statement that says two things are both true
What is conjunction?
400
an argument which says the first statement implies the second, and the second implied the third, so the first implies the third
What is hypothetical syllogism?
400
replacing a constant with a variable, and adding a universal quantifier
What is universal generalization?
500
an argument which claims that the conclusion follows necessarily from the premise(s)
What is deductive?
500
two or more statements that cannot all be true
What is inconsistent?
500
a statement that says something is true if and only if something else is true
What is biconditional, equivalence?
500
an argument which says one or the other of two statements is true, the first implies a third, and the second implies a fourth, so the third or the fourth must be true
What is constructive dilemma?
500
swapping a universal statement with an equivalent negated existential statement, or an existential statement with an equivalent negated universal statement