Atomic Theory
What three main particles make up an atom?
What do nonmetals usually do when reacting with another nonmetal to form a chemical bond?
Share valence electrons
Name the three main states of matter.
The three main states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
Which phase change is exothermic (releases energy): Sublimation, Evaporation, Melting, or Freezing?
Freezing
What scientific concept states that matter is made of constantly moving tiny particles?
The kinetic molecular theory
A model of a hydrogen atom uses a red golf ball for a proton and a green golf ball for an electron. What is inaccurate about this model?
A number of particles
B relative mass of particles
C types of particles present
D charges of particles present
B relative mass of particles
Ionic bonds are usually formed between which two types of elements?
(Nonmetal & Nonmetal or Metal & Nonmetal)
Metals and Nonmetals
Which way does a period go?
vertical or horizontal
horizontal/ left to right/ across
Put the states of water (Ice, Steam, Liquid Water) in order of decreasing motion of their atoms.
Steam, Liquid Water, Ice
What are atoms and molecules?
Atoms are the smallest unit of matter, and molecules are groups of atoms bonded together.
What does the table of atomic theory developments, from Dalton to Bohr, indicate about the theory of the atom?
A One scientist made more significant contributions than others.
B Hundreds of years passed between discoveries.
C People did not think about the atom after 1913.
D Atomic theory changed over time as new discoveries were made.
D Atomic theory changed over time as new discoveries were made.
Which property of an atom is determined by the number of electrons orbiting in the valence layer?
chemical properties
Elements in the same group or family share chemical properties and have the same number of ______________ electrons
Valence
A substance goes from having particles in a close, orderly arrangement (Solid) to having particles moving apart and around each other (Liquid). What phase change is this?
melting
What three major ideas about the atom came from Rutherford's Gold Foil experiment?
Atoms are solid spheres
Atoms are over 99% empty space
Protons located in the nucleus
Neutrons located in the nucleus
Atoms have an electron cloud
Atoms have a nucleus
Atoms are over 99% empty space
Atoms have a nucleus
Protons are located in the nucleus
After firing tiny particles at gold foil, some particles bounced back instead of passing through. This led to the idea of a small, dense nucleus. Was Rutherford's proposal an observation, a hypothesis, or a theory?
THEORY
Which element is most likely to form an ion with a negative 2 charge:
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Beryllium, or Magnesium
Oxygen (It needs 2 electrons to complete its valence shell)
What atomic characteristic do Sodium (Na) and Sulfur (S) share?
They have the same number of electron energy levels (They are both in the third period of the periodic table)
What physical property of a substance is determined by the motion of its particles?
Temperature
The force that holds the nucleus of an atom together is the....
The force that holds the atoms together in a compound or molecule is the...
Strong Force
Electromagnetic Force
Put these developments in atomic theory in order from first to most recent: 1. Electrons in energy levels, 2. Nucleus with protons discovered, 3. Electrons in regions of space (clouds). 4. Electrons discovered 5. Neutrons discovered in the nucleus
1 Electrons discovered
2 A nucleus with protons discovered
3 Electrons are in regions of space (clouds) where they are most likely to be found
4 electrons in regions of space (clouds)
5 Neutrons discovered in the nucleus
Identify the elements from the list that will have similar chemical properties (Same Group/ Family) to Oxygen (O).
Nitrogen, Sulfur, Selenium, Magnesium
Sulfur, Selenium
What does an atom that gains or loses electrons become? (arrow)
an ion.
Describe the role of temperature in changing states of matter.
Temperature plays a crucial role in changing the states of matter. Increasing temperature can cause a substance to change from a solid to a liquid (melting) or from a liquid to a gas (boiling).
What are the key components of the kinetic molecular theory?
The key components of the kinetic molecular theory are the constant motion of particles, their interactions, and their kinetic energy.