Nutrients 101
Body Talk
What's the gov't got to do with it?
How are you feeling?
Surprise!
100
What are Macronutrients?
Nutrients required in relatively large amounts (Carbohydrates, Fats and Oils, and Proteins)
100
What is the difference between hunger and appetite? Define satiety and anorexia...
Hunger: physiological sensation to eat Appetite: psychological desire to eat Satiety: the feeling of being full Anorexia: physiological need for food, yet no appetite
100
What are the goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
To provide general advise for nutrition and health. From the US Department of Health and Social Services & Department of Agriculture Revised every 5 years
100
Explain and name the symptoms and treatment for CONSTIPATION
- No stool passed for two or more days - Caused by: not enough fiber - Treatment: medications, eat food with more fiber
100
What is the difference between nutrition and wellness? What are the critical components of wellness? (HINT: 2)
Nutrition contributes to wellness. Wellness is the absence of disease (Physical, Emotional, Social, Occupational, and Spiritual Health) Critical Components of Wellness: Nutrition and Physical Activity
200
What are Micronutrients?
Nutrients required in relatively smaller amounts (Vitamins and Minerals)
200
What are the goals of digestion?
1. BREAK DOWN the large molecules into smaller molecules 2. ABSORB the smaller molecules into the cells of the body
200
What are the goals of Choose my Plate?
Shows serving sizes on a plate, easy to follow. Balanced diet but actually reachable. Fruits and Vegetables = 1/2 Carbs = 1/4 Protein = 1/4 Side cup of Diary
200
Explain and name the symptoms and treatment for GERD
- Painful, persistent heartburn - Symptoms include burning in the throat, pain in the chest, headaches, nausea, etc. - Treatment: most commonly medicine, to treat too much acid in the stomach Can try: apple cider vinegar too see if there is NOT ENOUGH acid
200
What are the four components of a healthful diet?
Adequate, Balanced, Moderate, Variety
300
Which nutrients provide energy?
Macronutrients
300
Which organs are involved in digestion? (HINT 6)
1. Mouth 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Small Intestine 5. Liver 6. Large Intestine
300
Which nutrients are required on all food labels? (HINT 6)
1. Fat (total, saturated, and trans) 2. Cholesterol 3. Sodium 4. Carbohydrates 5. Protein 6. Some vitamins and minerals
300
Explain and name the symptoms and treatment for DIARRHEA
- Can be caused by food intolerance, infection of the GI tract, stress, bowel disorders, etc. - Can lead to severe dehydration - Is more dangerous for children and the elderly - Treatment: medication, fluids with electrolytes
300
Name 3 body processes that water is involved in...
Fluid Balance Nerve Impulses Muscle Control Nutrient Transport Removal of Wastes Chemical Reaction
400
Which vitamins are fat-soluble? Which are water-soluble?
Fat Soluble: A, D, E and K Water Soluble: C and B
400
What is the function of the MOUTH during digestion?
- Chewing is the mechanical digestion - Salivary Amylase aids chemical digestion of carbs - Swallowing - food moves to esophagus - Peristalsis: the muscular contractions moving food through the GI tract
400
What are the goals of MyPyramid?
MyPyramid: increase intake of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and other essential nutrients, while lowering intake of fats and cholesterol. Balancing energy intake with energy expenditure to main a healthful weight. BUT --- has no standard serving sizes, when suggested too small, not clearly defined
400
Explain and name the symptoms and treatment for IBS
- Disorder that interferes with normal colon function - Symptoms: abdominal cramps and bloating, either diarrhea or constipation - Treatment: medication, diet, relaxation techniques, exercise
400
What is Chyme?
Semisolid product of mechanical and chemical digestion in the stomach
500
How many kcals per gram does each of the macronutrients provide?
Carbohydrates: 4 Fats: 9 Proteins: 4
500
What is the function of the STOMACH during digestion?
- Sphincters prevent the flow of food from the stomach back into the esophagus - Mechanical digestion to mix food with gastric juices - Chemical digestion of proteins and fats - Hydrochloric acid: proteins - Pepsin: protein - Gastric Lipase: fat - Mucus: protect the stomach lining
500
What are the 5 FDA requirements for food labels?
1. A statement of identity 2. Net contents of the package 3. Ingredient List 4. Manufacture's name and address 5. Nutrition Information
500
Explain and name the symptoms and treatment for CELIAC'S DISEASE Construct a gluten-free diet using the MyPlate format
- Complete intolerance for gluten (a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley) - Can damage the small intestine, leading to poor absorption of nutrients - Reaction includes: throwing up, bloating, gas, diarrhea, and hives - Treatment: Stop Eating Gluten MyPlate: must include one gluten free food for Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fruit, Vegetable, and Dairy
500
What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UI)?
The nutrient standard that determines the highest amount of a supplement or nutrient that would safe for an individual to consume
M
e
n
u