Scientific Method
This step involves organizing data and researching the findings of other scientists' data
observing
Leads one to see and believe what he wants to to be true, not what is true
bias
A special type of proposition which uses an "if/then" statement
hypothetical proposition
Fallacy in which an argument is based on the support of someone considered an authority instead of being based on facts and sound reason
argument from authority
Minimum characteristics that a design must have to function
criteria
This step involves formulating a tentative explanation to answer a scientific answer
hypothesizing
This is limited to the study of created matter and energy in the present
scope of science
Reasoning from specific evidence to a general conclusion
inductive reasoning
Fallacy which involves assuming that one thing causes another because it occurred before the other
post hoc fallacy
A push or pull on an object
force
The ability of other scientists to reach the same conclusion by performing the same experiment under different conditions
reproducibility
science can provide only these types of descriptions of how the world works
approximate
A conclusion based on reasoning from evidence
inference
Two situations are the same except for one factor; this factor is present in one situation but not in the other
method of difference
Once the problem is defined using these, it is possible to begin designing the solution to the problem
criteria constraints
The hypothesis can be proven false if one or more of its predictions are false
falsifiable
Cannot explain the difference between right and wrong
scope of science
In logic, a statement of fact
proposition
The purpose of this is to determine cause and effect
Inductive reasoning
An object that has the same shape and appearance as the object it represents
physical model
A group in which the independent variable is absent
control group
Science relies on this limitation
assumption
If the antecedent is true, then the consequent is also true
affirming the antecedent
Fallacy which occurs when a single term is ambiguously used with two different meanings in a single argument
equivocation
This type of change takes place when two or more substances unite or break apart chemically (when this happens, the new substance will have its own physical and chemical properties that are different from the original substance)
chemical change