Key Terms
Variables
Planning
Design Types
Reliability/Validity
100

The word or ideas that symbolically represent observations and experiences, e.g., sadness or work

What is a concept?

100

The presumed cause of the dependent variable 

What is the independent variable?

100

The potential unintended or unavoidable effect on study outcomes

What is bias?

100

Randomization, control group and manipulation of an independent variable

What are the three characteristics of true-experimental design?

100

The stability of a research design

What is reliability? 

200

The theoretical creations based on observations but that cannot be observed directly or indirectly, e.g. "function" or "quality of life"

What is a construct?

200

A phenomenon that has an effect on study variables

What is an intervening variable?

200

The action process of maneuvering the independent variable so that the effect of its presence, absence or degree on the dependent variable can be observed


What is manipulation?

200

Experiments that have treatments, outcome measures and experimental units but do not use random assignment

What is quasi-experimental design?

200

The extent to which a study answers the research questions and the findings reflect the underlying purpose of the study

What is validity?

300

A concept expressed in words

What is a conceptual definition?

300

A phenomenon that is the presumed effect or outcome

What is the dependent variable? 

300

The set of action process that direct or manipulate factors to achieve an outcome

What is control?

300

A type of experimental that describes phenomena or relationships but cannot support claims for a causal relationship

What is a pre-experimental design?

300

History, testing, instrumentation, maturation, regression, mortality, interactive effects

What are the seven threats to internal validity?

400

A description of how a concept will be measured in a specific study

What is an operational definition?

400

A variable through which an independent variable works to have its effect on a dependent variable

What is a mediator?

400

The ways in which data are obtained in experimental-type approaches

What is instrumentation?

400

A type of experiment that relies on statistical manipulation of data rather than mechanical manipulation and sequencing

What is non-experimental design?

400

Reactivity and realism

What are the potential threats to external validity?

500

A testable statement that indicates what the researcher expects to find

What is a hypothesis?

500

An independent or predictor variable that may interact with another independent variable

What is a moderator?

500

To ensure that the relationships specified in the research questions can be identified, understood and ultimately predicted

What is the purpose of imposing control and restrictions on observations?

500

Summarize, integrate, and interpret an empirical body of research or studies in which the outcomes are quantitative

What is a meta-analysis?

500

The ability of the research design to answer the research question/the capacity to generalize findings and develop inferences from the sample

What is internal validity/external validity?

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