Definitions
The science and art of reasoning well.
What is logic
If a word has more than one possible meaning it is _______.
What is ambiguous?
1 purpose of lexical definitions is to eliminate ambiguity.
Arrange the following terms in order of increasing extension:
banquet, dinner, formal dinner, meal, wedding banquet
What is -
wedding banquet, banquet, formal dinner, dinner, meal
**remember
increasing extension decreases in detail so (start very specific) and get less detailed.
The definition rule broken by:
To shake: a rapid back and forth motion
What is: wrong part of speech
The term "Father" is defined with this method:
Father: male parent
What is: genus & difference
Drawing proper conclusions from other information
What is Reasoning
This type of definition removes ambiguity and shows relationships--
What is a lexical definition
Arrange the following terms in order of increasing intension:
brother, child, human, sibling, twin brother
What is:
human, child, sibling, brother, twin brother
**remember - increasing intension --more & more detail so start broad
The definition rule broken by:
To think: to think about something
What is: circular definition
A statement can be both true and false.
What is: the Law of Noncontradiction
A statement is either true or false.
What is the Law of Excluded Middle
This type of definition reduces vagueness.
What is a precising definition
Arrange the following in order of decreasing extension:
airplane, fighter, jet, F-14, vehicle
What is:
vehicle, airplane, jet, fighter F-14
**remember- decreasing extension start broad and increase the detail.
The definition rule broken by:
Chick: juvenile poultry
What is: unclear definition
The term "Father" is defined with this method:
Father: Adam was Abel's father
What are: examples
This type of logic deals directly with reasoning.
What is Formal Logic
This type of definition is meant to influence one's attitude about the term.
What is a persuasive definition.
Arrange these terms in order of decreasing intension-
body, celestial body, gas giant, Jupiter, planet
What is-
Jupiter, gas giant, planet, celestial body, body
**remember-decreasing intension start specific and get (more and more broad)
The definition rule broken by:
chair: a four-legged piece of furniture
What is: definition is too broad
The term "Father" is defined with this method:
a) Father: dad
What is a synonym
This type of logic deals with operations of thinking which are only indirectly related to reasoning.
What is Informal Logic
This type of definition supplies the meaning of a new term.
What is a stipulative definition.
This is a 2-part question ( the following are definitions- please name the correct vocabulary word(s).
1.The sum of all the individual objects described by it.
2. The sum of all the common attributes denoted by the term.
What is extension & intension
**1.extension, 2. intension
What are the 6 rules when defining by Genus & Difference?
1) State the essential attributes of the term
2) Not be circular
3) Not too broad or narrow
4) Be clear
5) Be positive, if possible
6) Same part of speech as the term
3 Methods of Defining Terms
What are
1. Genus & Difference
2. Synonym
3. Example