W
The predicate term of the conclusion, used in one premise
What is the MAJOR TERM?
The subject term of the conclusion, used in one premise
What is the MINOR TERM?
The term found once in each premise, and is not in the conclusion at all
What is the MIDDLE TERM?
The premise which contains the major term
The premise which contains the minor term
What is the MINOR PREMISE?
The mood + the figure of a syllogism, listed together
What is the FORM?
What is the MOOD?
A number from 1 to 4 identifying the placement of the syllogism's middle term
What is THE FIGURE?
A set of statements, one of which appears to be implied or supported by the others
What is AN ARGUMENT?
What is A SCHEMA?
A deductive argument consisting of three statements in categorical form that use only three terms; major, minor, middle.
What is a CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISM?
A particular form for organizing categorical statements into an argument, OR a deductive argument with two premise and one conclusion
What is a SYLLOGISM?
A term that, within a statement, refers to ALL MEMBERS of it's class/category
What is a DISTRIBUTED TERM?
1. Counter-example 2. rules
What are TWO WAYS TO TEST THE VALIDITY OF SYLLOGISMS?
A syllogism with DIFFERENT TERMS but the SAME FORM as the original, with obviously TRUE premises and a FALSE conclusion, which proves the original syllogism to be INVALID
What is a COUNTER-EXAMPLE?
A syllogism in which the conclusion is necessarily true given that the premises are true **depends only on the form, not the truth of the statements**
What is a VALID SYLLOGISM?
The scope of a statement's claim about the extension of the subject - either UNIVERSAL or PARTICULAR
What is the QUANTITY of a statement?
1. Real 2. Apparent 3. Verbal
What are THREE TYPES OF DISAGREEMENTS?
The positive or negative nature of a statement's claim about the subject - either AFFIRMATIVE or NEGATIVE
What is the QUALITY of a statement?
A syllogism which is valid AND has true premises
What is a SOUND SYLLOGISM?
1. Find the conclusion 2. Find the major term 3. Find the major premise 4. find the minor premise 5. write the syllogism in standard order
What are the FIVE STEPS TO PUT A CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISM INTO STANDARD FORM?
the BEING verb - am is are was were be being been
What is the ONE basic verb in Categorical Logic?
What are DISTRIBUTED TERMS?
1. Middle term must be distributed in at least one premise 2. Any term distributed in conclusion must be distributed in it's premise 3. Cannot have two negative premises 4. Cannot have negative premises with affirmative conclusion 5. Cannot have two affirmative premises with a negative conclusion.
What are the FIVE RULES FOR VALID SYLLOGISMS?
5 Fallacies of syllogism rules
What are: 1. Fallacy of Undistributed Middle 2. Fallacy of an Illicit Major/Minor 3. Fallacy of 2 negative premises 4. fallacy of negative premise and affirmative conclusion 5. Fallacy of two affirmative premises and negative conclusion?