QUALITATIVE vs. QUANTITATIVE
When a researcher gathers possible hypotheses to be tested from the literature, this approach is called:
(A) Deductive
(B) Inductive
(C) Intuitive
(D) Explicit
(A) Deductive
A study is 'experimental' because the participants receive:
(A) alterations
(B) feedback
(C) treatment
(D) criticism
(C) treatment
"There will be a difference in rate of acquisition between Group A and Group B." This is an example of a:
(A) directional hypothesis
(B) non-directional hypothesis
(C) research question
(D) research purpose
(B) non-directional hypothesis
If you are having difficulty coming up with a testable hypothesis, you may want to consider:
(A) repeating a study
(B) reviewing a study
(C) reinterpreting a study
(D) replicating a study
(D) replicating a study
The empirical approach to research is based on: (A) knowledge
(B) observations
(C) raw data
(D) speculation
(B) observations
What's an example of an inductive approach to research?
(A) The researcher reads about the topic
(B) The researcher gathers preliminary data and makes initial observations
(C) The researcher speaks with colleagues to get advice
(D) All of the above.
(B) The researcher gathers preliminary data and makes initial observations.
The main element of non-experiemental studies is: (A) Recordings
(B) Observations
(C) Dialogues
(D) Predictions
(B) Observations
A research question may be substituted for a:
(A) non-directional hypothesis
(B) directional hypothesis
(C) research purpose
(D) A & C
(E) B & C
(D) A & C
How do you show the importance of your topic?
(A) Show your topic was important enough to have been researched by others
(B) Use statistics to show how many people are affected by the issue you want to research
(C) List the possible consequences if nothing is done on your topic
(D) A & B
(E) B & C
(D) A & B
If an experiment includes two classes being taught English; one in the grammar-translation method that has always been used by a particular school, and one in the new communicative approach, how would you label each group?
1st - control
2nd - experimental
Which type of researcher - qualitative or quantitative - would be more likely to be willing to make adjustments to the instrumentation during the study and why?
QUALITATIVE because for a quantitative researcher, making these changes could be considered as opening the study up to subjectivity.
A personality test is an example of a tool that would be used in:
(A) Experimental studies
(B) Non-experimental studies
(C) Both
(D) Neither
(C ) BOTH. (Remember that the tools used do not at all determine what type of study it is.)
What type of hypothesis needs to be considered when analyzing statistical results obtained from quantitative studies?
A null hypothesis
When should you group references together in your literature review?
When they have something in common.
What is the relationship between these four terms? independent variable; dependent variable; criterion, predictor
independent variable = predictor (cause the change in…) dependent variable = criterion
When little is known about a topic, what kind of research is preferred and why?
QUALITATIVE because it's difficult to use the deductive approach and write structured questions about a little-known topic.
What is a causal-comparative study? (2 parts)
(1) Observe and describe some current condition
(2) Look to the past to try and come up with possible causes for the condition. **Remember this is NON-experimental.**
What type of question should we avoid when coming up with a research question?
One that can be answered by a simple "yes" or "no".
When is it a good idea to go into detail about the methodology of a study?
When differences in methodology might help explain differences in findings.
Name TWO ethical considerations you must take into account when dealing with human participants.
Informed consent, right to privacy, protect from physical and psychological harm, confidentiality…
When the participants belong to a closed or secretive culture, what type of research is preferred and why?
QUALITATIVE because it is necessary for the researcher to spend time breaking through barriers and establishing a relationship with the participants.
What are the two most important requirements for the categories of the variables used in non-experimental studies?
(1) They must be mutually exclusive.
(2) They must be exhaustive.
Give an example of a research purpose, formally-stated.
The purpose / aim of this study is to...
Besides a mere summary of previous studies, what else should be included with each one and why?
A critique of the study, including weaknesses, strengths (...or neutrality).
What is a grounded theory, and what type of research is more likely to use it?
Theory derived from observations, qualitative research