Formulas & Naming
What is the name for LiBr?
Lithium Bromide
What are the three different types of motion available to particles?
Translational, rotational, vibrational
Which theory describes the properties of an ideal gas?
Kinetic Theory
What temperature and pressure does STP represent?
0oC and 1 atm (101.3 kPa)
A snowflake forms when water vapor (a gas) condenses to form ice crystals (a solid) around a piece of dust or pollen. What is the name of the phase change where a gas becomes a solid?
Deposition
What is the formula for N5O4?
Pentanitrogen tetroxide
What is the cause of gas pressure?
Gas pressure is the result of gas particles colliding with the walls of their container.
If you have a sealed and incompressible container of an ideal gas, then would the pressure increase or decrease if you decrease the temperature?
The pressure would increase.
What state or states of matter are considered a fluid?
Liquid & Gas
When a substance is boiling, it is in equilibrium between what two states of matter?
Liquid and Gas
Why do some metals need to have a roman numeral in their name?
Some metals can have multiple charges and you need to specify the charge with a roman numeral.
Why does gas pressure decrease as the temperature of a gas decreases?
What are the units for the variable "n" from the ideal gas equation and what does "n" represent?
Moles and the number of particles
We discussed molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network solids. Out of those 4 types of solids, which one tends to have the weakest forces holding it together and the lowest melting/boiling points?
Molecular Solids
Where is the critical point on a phase diagram?
At the end of the liquid/gas boundary line.
What is the name for Mn(SO4)3?
Manganese (VI) Sulfate
Particles in a gas and liquid have translational, rotational, and vibrational motion. But, why is translational motion limited for particles of a liquid and not for a gas?
Translational motion is limited for liquid particles because they are held together by intermolecular forces.
In a gas, particles have more translational motion because they are not held together by intermolecular forces.
The ideal gas law shows the relationship between which 4 variables of a gas?
Pressure (P), Volume (V), Number of Particles (n), and Temperature (T)
What type of solid rock breaks only along straight lines and edges?
Crystalline solids
Where on a phase diagram is a substance in equilibrium between two phases?
Along the solid boundary lines that separate the solid, liquid, and gas phases.
Write the formula for ammonium phosphate?
(NH4)3PO4
What causes solid particles to have vibrational motion? (Hint: This vibrational motion stops at absolute zero.)
Solid particles absorb thermal energy from their surroundings which causes them to vibrate in place.
Why can't the ideal gas law be applied in high pressure situations?
The ideal gas law only works when gas particles don't feel any intermolecular forces. In a high pressure situation gas particles are forced close together where they would have intermolecular forces form between them.
Why is solid ice less dense than liquid water?
In a solid, the water molecules are locked together by hydrogen bonds which causes the molecules to space out. In a liquid, the hydrogen bonds that hold water molecules together constantly break and reform which allows the water molecules to get closer together.
Imagine you are trying to find the melting point of a solid by very slowly heating it while measuring its temperature every 20 seconds. What would you notice about your temperature measurements once you reach the solid's melting point?
The temperature would stop changing (remain constant)