Bloods
Ultrasound
Nuclear Med Scan
100
What does thyroid function test (blood test) measure?
TSH, T3, T4
100
Do we normally see parathyroid glands?
NO, only observed only when they are enlarged.
100
What type of camera detects gamma rays emitted from radiotracers inside the body, allowing doctors to create images of organs like the thyroid?
Gamma Camera
200
What would be the expected findings of hyperthyroidism caused by issues with the thyroid gland itself?
Low TSH, High T3, T4
200
What effect is ultrasound based on?
Doppler
200
What radioactive substances are commonly used in thyroid scans to assess the gland’s function and structure
Iodine (I-123 and I-131) and Sodium (technetium-99m pertechnetate)
300
What type of form within the plasma are the hormones produced by the thyroid gland measured?
Free form
300
Why do we see 1-2mm echo-free zones on the surface and within the thyroid gland?
Blood vessels
300
What shows up as a cold nodule on the gamma camera?
Non functioning area suggesting malignancy or if thyroid is not producing hormones in hypothyroid
400
What would be the cause of High TSH and High T3 and T4?
Secondary hyperthyroidism - problem with pituitary gland or hypothalamus
400
What are the typical findings of someone with hyperthyroidism?
Changes to morphology: diffuse enlargement or nodules
400
What shows up as low or absent uptake on the gamma camera?
Seen in thyroiditis (destructive release of hormone, not overproduction), recent iodine exposure (due to the thyroid's saturation with iodine, making it less efficient at trapping radioactive iodine for imaging.), or factitious hyperthyroidism (from taking thyroid hormone).
500
What supplement is not to be consumed before a thyroid function test?
Biotin
500
Would Graves disease show increased or decreased perfusion on US (colour doppler). Name one other condition that would have increased perfusion (from other system).
Essentially Increased Perfusion. Greater blood flow. Hyperthyroidism. Other disease can be Pyelonephritis, IBD
500
What condition shows up as Diffuse, high uptake on the gamma camera?
Graves Disease (The gland is overactive, therefore increasing uptake of radioactive tracer)