Asset Types and Investments
Portfolio Strategies & Risk
How the Stock Market Works
Economic Forces & Market Drivers
The S&P 500
100

These financial instruments represent partial ownership in a publically traded company.

What are stocks?

100

Spreading investments across multiple asset classes and industries to prevent a single declining stock from destroying your savings is known as this.

What is diversification?
100

Stock prices continuously fluctuate up and down based on these two fundamental market forces.

What are supply and demand?

100

This economic term describes the market instability caused by uncertainty prior to political elections.

What is election anxiety?

100

The S&P index represents approximately this percentage of the total market value of all US stocks.

What is 80%?

200

These  loans made to a government or company pay regular interest and are generally considered safer than stocks.

What are bonds?

200

This type of interest grows exponentially over time by earning interest on both your initial principal and previously earned interest.

What is compound interest?

200

The two primary organized stock exchanges where shares are bought and sold in the US.

What are the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq?

200

When central banks raise these, borrowing costs for companies increase and stock prices decrease as investors shift to bonds.

What are interest rates?

200

Because you cannot invest in the S&P 500 index directly, investors buy these products, like VOO or SPY, which mimic the index.

What are ETFs or Mutual Funds?

300

These are the one type of investment we covered that do not generate any cash flow, dividends, or interest and rely solely on market demand/price appreciation for returns.

What are cryptocurrencies?

300

This risk occurs in conservative portfolios when low investment yields fail to keep up with rising costs, eroding purchasing power over time.

What is inflation risk?

300
For companies, selling ownership shares on the stock market serves as an alternative to getting one of these from a bank.

What is a bank loan?

300

A growing GPD usually results in this effect on overall stock market prices (increase or decrease).

What is an increase in stock market prices?

300

The S&P 500 offers instant diversification because its companies span across this specific number of market sectors.

What is 11?

400

This type of investment allows individuals to invest in commercial real estate portfolios without purchasing physical property. 

What is a REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust)?

400

This is the riskiest type of investment portfolio.

What is an aggressive growth portfolio?

400

Counterintuitively, stock market prices are not driven by facts, but by this psychological factor among investors.

What are expectations?

400

Low levels of this metric indicates that people have extra disposable income to spend and invest, which boosts stock prices.

What is unemployment?

400

Over its lifetime, the S&P 500 has averaged this percentage in annual returns, comfortably beating the historical average inflation rate of ~2.5%.

What is 10%?

500

Professionals recommend allocating no more than this percentage range of your portfolio to cryptocurrency due to its extreme risk.

What is 1% to 5%?

500

What are the three goals when building an investment portfolio?

What are diversification, generating income, and capital growth.
500

The Coldplay CEO Kiss Cam scandal is an example of this factor that affects the stock market.

What is a scandal/company performance?

500

Investors are advised to maintain this kind of mindset and avoid "panic selling" when stock prices drop during normal market fluctuations.

What is a long-term mindset?

500

The S&P 500 faces concentration risk because a crash in this single sector—which makes up nearly 1/3 of the index—could cause significant overall drops?

What is tech / AI?

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