Dissociation
Ionization
Random!
Colligative Properties
Osmotic Pressure
100
The separation of ions that occur when an ionic compound dissolves?
What is dissociation?
100
Known as the H3O+ ion.
What is the hydronium ion?
100
What are spectator ions?
Ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and are found in solution both before and after the reaction.
100
What are colligative properties?
Properties that depend on the concentration of solute particles but not on their identity.
100
What does a semipermeable membrane do?
It allows the movement of some particles while blocking the movement of others.
200
Give an example of dissociation.
NaCl(s) -> Na+ + Cl-
200
The process that forms ions from solute molecules by the action of the solvent.
What is ionization?
200
What does a net ionic equation include?
Only compounds and ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution.
200
What is a non-volatile substance?
What is a substance that has little tendency to become a gas under existing conditions.
200
What is osmosis? (Use your bio brain! :3)
The movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from the side of lower solute concentration to the side of higher solute concentration.
300
1 formula unit of Sodium Chloride, NaCl, gives how many ions in solution?
What is 2 ions in solution?
300
The extent to which a solute ionizes depends on two things, ...
What is the strength of the bonds within the molecules of the solute and strength of attraction between the solute and the solvent.
300
What is a strong electrolyte?
Any compound of which all or almost all of the dissolved compound exists as ions in an aqueous solution.
300
The vapor pressure of a solvent containing a nonvolatile solute is ______ than the vapor pressure of the pure solvent at the same temperature. Why?
Lower; The addition of a nonvolatile solute lowers the concentration of water molecules at the surface of the liquid. This lowers the tendency of water molecules to leave the solution and enter the vapor phase.
300
What does osmotic pressure do? Where does the pressure come from?
It is the EXTERNAL pressure that must be applied to stop osmosis.
400
When 1 mole of Na+ ions and 1 mole of Cl- ions are in a solution of 1 mole NaCl, you can assume...
What is 100% Dissociation?
400
If the strength of the bond within a solute molecule is weaker than the attractive forces of the solvent molecules...
Then the covalent bond of the solute breaks and the molecule is separated into ions.
400
How do strong and weak electrolytes differ?
In the degree of ionization or dissociation. NOT BASED ON CONCENTRATION!
400
What is the difference between the molal freezing-point constant (Kf) and the freezing-point depression?
The molal freezing point constant is the freezing-point depression of the solvent in a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute vs the freezing-point depression, which is the difference between the freezing points of the pure solvent and a solution of a nonelectrolyte in that solvent, and it is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution.
400
What is applied to icy roads to melt ice and how?
Salts are applied to icy roads, they lower the freezing point of water.
500
Write the equation for the dissolution of Aluminum Sulfate in water. How many moles of Aluminum ions and Sulfate ions are produced by dissolving 1 mole of Aluminum Sulfate? What is the total number of ions produced by dissolving 1 mole of Aluminum Sulfate?
Al2(SO4)3(s) -> 2Al 3+ + 3SO4 2- ; One formula unit of Al2(SO4)3 produces 5 ions, so 1 mole of Al2(SO4)3 produces 5 moles of ions.
500
Explain the process to why ionization is different from dissociation.
When an ionic compound dissolves, the ions that were already present separate from one another. When a molecular compound dissolves and ionizes in a polar solvent, the ions are formed where none existed in the undissolved compound. Like all ions in aqueous solution, the ions formed by such a molecular solute are hydrated. The heat released during the hydration of the ions provides the energy needed to break the covalent bonds.
500
Will a precipitate form when aqueous Zinc Nitrate and Ammonium Sulfide are combined? If so, write the net ionic equation for the reaction.
YES, Zn2+(aq) + S2-(aq) -> ZnS
500
A water solution containing an unknown quantity of a nonelectrolyte solute is found to have a freezing point of -0.23˚C. What is the molal concentration of the solution?
What is 0.12m? Work: -0.23˚C / -1.86˚C/m = 0.12m
500
What is the expected change in the freezing point of water in a solution of 62.5g of Barium Nitrate in 1.00kg of water?
-1.33˚C. Work: 0.239 mol Ba(NO3)2/ 1 kg H2O X 3 mole ions/ 1 mole Ba(NO3)2 X -1.86˚C per kg H2O/ mols ions = =1.33˚C
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