E3
what type of contrast can be injected into the joint space?
air and water-soluble iodine contrast media
what is the lithotomy position?
lying supine, knees flexed 70-90 degree, legs placed in padded holders or foot stirrups.
what are some contraindications for an intravenous urography?
1. sensitivity to contrast
2. renal disease
3. dehydration
4. anuria and renal failure.
what is the primary method of injecting contrast for a cystogram?
retrograde (against the natural flow)
what type of injecting is performed for a myelogram?
intrathecal injection with water soluble iodinated contrast.
what can a patient expect to experience during a shoulder arthrogram?
increased pressure
when is an HSG typically scheduled, and why is there a specific time frame for scheduling this procedure?
1.10 days post onset of menstruation.
2. because there is less chance of pregnancy and the endometrium is less congested.
what is the most superior part of the uterus?
the fundus
where is the needle placement for a cervical myelogram?
subarachnoid space at the level of L2-L3
what are meninges?
protective membranes enclosing the brain and spinal cord.
what do hip arthrograms demonstrate?
1. congenital hip dislocation in children
2. loose hip prosthesis or infection in adults.
What does an HSG demonstrate?
1. polyps
2. fistulas
3. tumors/masses
4. blockages or patency of uterine tubes.
what is the uterus shaped like?
an upside-down pear.
what is the patient position for a cervical myelogram, and what is the purpose of this positioning?
1. lying on their side in the fetal position or prone.
2. this widens the interspinous spaces, making it easier to puncture.
Why are percutaneous vertebroplasty's performed?
to restore original height of vertebral body after a compression fracture.
what do knee arthrograms demonstrate?
meniscus tears.
what is the purpose of an HSG?
What is a glomerulus?
cluster of capillaries within the renal nephron that serves as a filter for blood.
what type of contrast is used during a cervical myelogram?
water soluble iodinated contrast media.
What is: injection of radiopaque bone cement into a compression fracture of the vertebral body?
Percutaneous vertebroplasty
what is the patient position during and HSG?
lithotomy position.
what are the functions of the kidneys?
1. maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
2. removes waste products from blood secreting substances that affect blood pressure.
what is the function of the glomerulus?
allows for fine particle's and water to pass into the renal capsule.
what are causes of spinal cord compression?
1. herniated disc
2. bone fragments
3. tumors
4. spinal cord swelling from trauma
what is: a viral disease of the liver involving chronic inflammation.
Hepatitis.