E3
if a patient has a pacemaker, what are our options when trying to evaluate the intravertebral disc spaces?
perform a myelogram.
what is: dilation of renal pelvis and calyces with urine due to ureteral obstruction
hydronephrosis
what is: congenital condition in which fluid-filled sacs are present in renal parenchyma, often fatal in newborns, also seen in older adults
polycystic kidney
what is: abnormal backflow of urine from bladder into the ureters
reflux
what is: calculi formed in collecting tubules and migrate to renal pelvis, attributed to abnormal matabolism
urinary stone
what is: congenital disorder in which kidneys fail to assume their proper position in abdomen.
ectopic
what is: high blood pressure, may be caused by narrowing of renal arteries, the large amount of blood which is delivered to the kidneys (25% of stroke volume) can cause increased pressure if they flow is restricted by a narrowed renal artery.
hypertension
what is: condition in which kidneys drops from its normal position in abdomen when patient stand up. can cause nausea and pain or not symptoms at all
nephroptosis
what is: inability to void (urinate)
retention
what is: excessive amounts of urea in blood
uremia
what is: having to urinate often
frequency
what is: the act of urination
micturation
what is: inflammation of bladder and renal pelvis
pyelocystitis
what is: against the natural flow, type of urographic exam done in surgery where contrast is injected by catheter placed from the urethra into renal pelvis
retrograde
what is: blood in urine
hematuria
what is: inability to control micturition, involuntary urination
incontinence
what is: surgical removal of kidney stones through an incision into renal pelvis
pyelolithotomy
what is: when kidneys are not producing urine
suppression
what is: congenital condition in which the lower poles of kidneys are fused together
horeshoe kidney
what is: procedure in which renal calculi are broken up, fragmented, into smaller pieces to facilitate removal. may be done percutaneously as a surgical type procedure or with sound waves in a water bath
nephrolithotripsy
what is: inflammatory disorder of renal parenchyma and pelvis
pyelonephritis
what is: surgical procedure in which prostate is removed by placing a cutting device into prostate via urethra
transurethral resection of the prostate